Citi

Citigroup Inc. is a global diversified financial services holding company headquartered in New York. It offers a wide range of financial products and services to consumers, corporations, governments, and institutions across various regions, including North America, Latin America, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. The company operates through two main segments: Global Consumer Banking (GCB) and Institutional Clients Group (ICG). The GCB segment provides traditional banking services such as retail banking, commercial banking, credit cards, and retail services to individual customers. In contrast, the ICG segment focuses on wholesale banking products and services, including investment banking, corporate lending, foreign exchange, cash management, and wealth management for corporate, institutional, and high-net-worth clients. Founded in 1812, Citigroup has a significant global presence and is committed to facilitating growth and economic progress for its diverse clientele.

Omar Amireh

Director - Head of Corporate Banking

Raul Anaya

CEO, Latin America Consumer and Commercial Banking

TT Badrinath

Managing Director, Transformation Lead - Finance

Krishna Balachanader

Managing Director

Mohit Bansal

Director - Biotech Equity Research

Karine Ben-Simhon

VP Intelligence Partnerships and Innovation

Kateryna Chupryna

Director

Frank DeLillo

Vice President

John Dugan JD

Chairman and Director

Stephane Dumont

Assistant Vice President, Venture Investing

Andrew Edelstein

Director

Jane Fraser

CEO

Ignacio Gutiérrez-Orrantia

CEO, Citibank Europe

George Karaolis

Vice President, Investment Banking

Nick Lyall

CFO, Global Consumer Banking

Mark Mason

CFO

Margo Pilic

Chief of Staff to the CEO

Vibhor Rastogi

Global Director, AI / ML / Data Investing at Citi Ventures

Henry Salmon

Senior Vice President of Citi Institutional Strategic Investing

Anand Selvakesari

COO

Cece Stewart

President

Avery Tiras

Equity Research Senior Associate

Orcun Unlu

Senior Vice President, Corporate M&A

Virginia Volpe

North America Head of Client Services and Global Investor Services Division

Barry Weir

Managing Director

Robert Willumstad JD

COO and Board Member

Jelena Zec

Director at Citi Ventures

Past deals in Trading Platform

LiquidX

Corporate Round in 2022
LiquidX Inc. operates an electronic marketplace focused on trade finance assets, facilitating transactions among a diverse range of participants, including corporations, banks, asset managers, hedge funds, and insurers. Established in 2015 and headquartered in New York with additional offices in London and Singapore, LiquidX provides a transparent platform that enables users to trade risk and invest in financial instruments such as receivables, payables, and letters of credit. The company's technology platform enhances the origination, financing, and distribution of trade finance assets, allowing clients to access capital markets effectively. With a broad seller base that includes credits from major global companies and a buyer base comprising large banks and asset managers, LiquidX aims to deliver optimal price execution and streamline working capital solutions.

Amberdata

Series B in 2022
Amberdata Inc. is a provider of a cloud-based Software as a Service (SaaS) platform designed for monitoring, analyzing, and securing both public and private blockchains. Founded in 2017 and based in West New York, New Jersey, the company offers tools, APIs, and SDKs that cater to traders, investors, developers, and wallet providers. By consolidating validated blockchain and crypto market data from major exchanges into a unified platform, Amberdata enables its clients to build data-driven applications that enhance their competitive edge. The platform supports various functionalities, including research, trading, risk management, and compliance, and allows for the integration of historical data through multiple protocols. This comprehensive approach equips financial institutions with the necessary infrastructure to engage in digital asset markets effectively.

TransFICC

Venture Round in 2022
TransFICC Limited is a technology company based in London, specializing in e-trading solutions for the fixed income and derivatives markets. Founded in 2016, it addresses the fragmentation in these markets by providing a unified application programming interface (API) that consolidates multiple execution venue APIs into a single connection. This enables banks and asset managers to efficiently manage their trading activities while maintaining low latency and secure connectivity essential for real-time trading. TransFICC's platform supports microsecond timestamping for data, which is crucial for maintaining a comprehensive audit trail and ensuring compliance with best execution standards. The company’s cloud-based hosting services facilitate timely updates and adaptations to changes in trading venues, making it a valuable partner for clients navigating the complexities of modern trading environments.

Capitolis

Series D in 2022
Capitolis Inc. is a technology provider that offers an online software-as-a-service platform designed for banks and financial institutions to enhance their capital management and improve economic performance. Founded in 2016 and headquartered in New York, with additional offices in London and Tel Aviv, Capitolis focuses on addressing constraints in capital markets, particularly in equities and foreign exchange. The platform enables financial institutions to optimize their balance sheets and improve liquidity by facilitating the sourcing of capital for trades from other institutions with substantial balance sheets. By connecting market participants, Capitolis seeks to transform business efficiency and create collaborative solutions that allow clients to leverage under-utilized capital, ultimately capturing new growth opportunities.

SIMON

Corporate Round in 2022
SIMON Markets LLC is a New York-based company that specializes in providing an online distribution platform for financial professionals, focusing primarily on structured investments. Launched in December 2018, SIMON offers a comprehensive digital suite of tools aimed at enhancing wealth management. Its platform features on-demand education, intuitive marketplaces, real-time analytics, and lifecycle management capabilities. By simplifying complex investment processes, SIMON aims to deliver effective solutions for structured investments and annuities, thereby supporting financial professionals in their decision-making and client service efforts.

Sharegain

Series B in 2022
Sharegain Ltd. is a fintech company based in London, specializing in a securities lending platform designed for pension funds, insurance companies, and asset managers. Founded in 2015, Sharegain aims to transform the securities lending industry, valued at $2.5 trillion, by providing financial institutions with the tools to derive additional income from their existing assets, including stocks, bonds, and ETFs. The platform offers a streamlined, automated solution that enhances transparency and control while minimizing overhead costs. By enabling private banks, asset managers, fund managers, and online brokers to lend their assets, Sharegain helps these institutions unlock hidden value in their portfolios and create new revenue opportunities for themselves and their clients.

T-REX

Series C in 2022
T-REX Group, Inc. develops an enterprise Software-as-a-Service platform tailored for the finance, renewables, and technology sectors. The platform, known as T-REX Analytics, provides tools for analyzing acquisitions and sales of solar assets, structuring renewable energy-backed deals, and managing ongoing portfolios. It enables users to assess production and credit risk parameters impacting cash flows, such as power production and operating expenses. The analytics capabilities allow for the structuring of customized debt tranches, the creation of capital structures for securitization, and the valuation of cash flows based on user-defined assumptions. By enhancing transparency and efficiency in complex asset classes, T-REX aims to unlock significant investment opportunities, making it easier for industry participants to invest in, securitize, and manage portfolios of diverse assets. Founded in 2012, T-REX is headquartered in New York, with additional offices in San Francisco and Tel Aviv.

Capital Markets Gateway

Series B in 2022
Capital Markets Gateway Inc. is a financial technology firm that modernizes the equity capital markets by offering a platform that connects investors and underwriters through integrated data and analytics. The platform provides real-time information, enabling users to monitor the capital raising landscape, conduct due diligence, and make informed investment decisions. Launched in 2017 by experienced equity capital markets practitioners, the platform enhances transparency and workflow efficiency, serving nearly 100 buy-side firms and 15 investment banks. Capital Markets Gateway, incorporated in 2015 and headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, also has offices in New York and Seattle.

Qapita

Series A in 2021
Qapita Fintech Pte. Ltd. is a Singapore-based company that specializes in equity and transaction management for private companies and startups. Its primary offering is QapMap, a platform designed to facilitate the management of capitalization tables, equity ownership, and employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs). Additionally, Qapita provides QapMatch Solutions, which aid in networking and structuring deals. The company caters to a diverse clientele, including private enterprises, legal counsels, employees, financial advisors, chartered accountants, and investors. Founded in 2019, Qapita also maintains an office in Hyderabad, India.

Amberdata

Series A in 2021
Amberdata Inc. is a provider of a cloud-based Software as a Service (SaaS) platform designed for monitoring, analyzing, and securing both public and private blockchains. Founded in 2017 and based in West New York, New Jersey, the company offers tools, APIs, and SDKs that cater to traders, investors, developers, and wallet providers. By consolidating validated blockchain and crypto market data from major exchanges into a unified platform, Amberdata enables its clients to build data-driven applications that enhance their competitive edge. The platform supports various functionalities, including research, trading, risk management, and compliance, and allows for the integration of historical data through multiple protocols. This comprehensive approach equips financial institutions with the necessary infrastructure to engage in digital asset markets effectively.

Pathstream

Venture Round in 2021
Pathstream is a web-based platform focused on teaching in-demand tech skills essential for the workforce. By partnering with leading tech companies and higher education institutions, Pathstream transforms digital skills learning through its innovative platform. This platform provides students with immediate access to pre-configured, project-based instruction, realistic workplace simulations, and on-demand coaching. By facilitating a hands-on learning experience, Pathstream enables students to acquire the necessary digital skills to thrive in today's economy.

Contour

Series A in 2021
Contour is building the world’s open trade finance network. By focusing on collaboration and leveraging new technologies we are dissolving the barriers to seamless trade. Our networks of banks, corporates, services and partnerships enable the instant flow of trusted data across the world’s trade routes and current fragmented ecosystems.

BondbloX

Series A in 2021
BondEvalue is a Singapore based Fintech company that focuses on Asian bond markets. Unlike equities which have already been digitally disrupted, bonds have remained unchanged for decades, with private bank clients unable to access live prices. We envision using our deep domain expertize to level the playing field for them via the simplicity and convenience of an App.

Capitolis

Series C in 2021
Capitolis Inc. is a technology provider that offers an online software-as-a-service platform designed for banks and financial institutions to enhance their capital management and improve economic performance. Founded in 2016 and headquartered in New York, with additional offices in London and Tel Aviv, Capitolis focuses on addressing constraints in capital markets, particularly in equities and foreign exchange. The platform enables financial institutions to optimize their balance sheets and improve liquidity by facilitating the sourcing of capital for trades from other institutions with substantial balance sheets. By connecting market participants, Capitolis seeks to transform business efficiency and create collaborative solutions that allow clients to leverage under-utilized capital, ultimately capturing new growth opportunities.

Genesis Global

Series B in 2021
GENESIS Global was originally started by a team of industry leaders in the Global Financial Markets space with extensive experience in front to back trading technologies across multiple asset classes and business lines. The members of their management and advisory team have held senior global management roles at investment banks around the world and at trading technology software vendors. Extensive experience with global financial technology vendors. They have a simple strategy, to be a global FinTech company providing best in class solutions and services which are in line with their client’s needs, goals and expectations. They have a disruptive framework technology and business model to achieve this strategy.

Crux

Convertible Note in 2021
Crux Informatics Inc., founded in 2017 and based in San Francisco, California, provides data processing and management services through its cloud platform. The company facilitates reliable data exchange between suppliers and consumers, ensuring that businesses receive the data they need in a timely and efficient manner. By collaborating directly with data suppliers and serving a diverse range of consumers, Crux promotes economies of scale that enhance industry efficiency. Its platform offers flexible delivery methods and prioritizes high levels of service and security, enabling companies to access data at a lower cost and in a user-friendly format.

HQLAx

Series B in 2021
HQLAᵡ is a financial technology innovation firm that leverages R3’s distributed ledger technology, Corda, to provide liquidity management and collateral management solutions for institutional clients in the global securities financing markets. HQLAᵡ and Deutsche Börse Group formed a strategic partnership for the creation of a joint operating model that provides market participants with improved collateral mobility across a fragmented securities settlement eco-system.

AccessFintech

Series B in 2020
Access Fintech is an innovative risk management service for banks and buyside firms. The service helps firms track the trade lifecycle and get a true sense of prioritized risk, across an increasing number of systems. Access FinTech brings together fintech providers and in-house technology, orchestrating the interaction of the distributed providers and creating a single visual display of the risk of financial transactions in a global sharable view.

Genesis Global

Corporate Round in 2020
GENESIS Global was originally started by a team of industry leaders in the Global Financial Markets space with extensive experience in front to back trading technologies across multiple asset classes and business lines. The members of their management and advisory team have held senior global management roles at investment banks around the world and at trading technology software vendors. Extensive experience with global financial technology vendors. They have a simple strategy, to be a global FinTech company providing best in class solutions and services which are in line with their client’s needs, goals and expectations. They have a disruptive framework technology and business model to achieve this strategy.

CloudMargin

Series B in 2020
CloudMargin Ltd. offers a cloud-based collateral and margin management platform designed for financial institutions of various sizes, including brokerage firms, banks, asset managers, pension funds, and insurance companies. Established in 2014 and headquartered in London, the company utilizes a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) model to assist clients in meeting regulatory deadlines while minimizing collateral management costs. The founding team, with extensive experience in collateral management, OTC derivatives, and capital markets, sought to improve existing solutions that were often perceived as overpriced and inefficient. CloudMargin aims to provide effective collateral management solutions accessible to all market participants, regardless of their size or status, earning the trust of clients through its industry expertise and commitment to innovation.

Capitolis

Venture Round in 2020
Capitolis Inc. is a technology provider that offers an online software-as-a-service platform designed for banks and financial institutions to enhance their capital management and improve economic performance. Founded in 2016 and headquartered in New York, with additional offices in London and Tel Aviv, Capitolis focuses on addressing constraints in capital markets, particularly in equities and foreign exchange. The platform enables financial institutions to optimize their balance sheets and improve liquidity by facilitating the sourcing of capital for trades from other institutions with substantial balance sheets. By connecting market participants, Capitolis seeks to transform business efficiency and create collaborative solutions that allow clients to leverage under-utilized capital, ultimately capturing new growth opportunities.

Capital Markets Gateway

Series B in 2020
Capital Markets Gateway Inc. is a financial technology firm that modernizes the equity capital markets by offering a platform that connects investors and underwriters through integrated data and analytics. The platform provides real-time information, enabling users to monitor the capital raising landscape, conduct due diligence, and make informed investment decisions. Launched in 2017 by experienced equity capital markets practitioners, the platform enhances transparency and workflow efficiency, serving nearly 100 buy-side firms and 15 investment banks. Capital Markets Gateway, incorporated in 2015 and headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, also has offices in New York and Seattle.

Spark Systems

Series B in 2020
Spark Systems is an exciting new Fin-Tech startup funded by industry veterans, we are the first high tech solution provider for institutional forex trading that is originated in Asia. We aim to build world class FX trading platform to serve a growing Asia financial hub. As early member of the firm you will be involved from the very beginning of building something truly special, and will be duly rewarded with a fast-track career.

TransFICC

Series A in 2020
TransFICC Limited is a technology company based in London, specializing in e-trading solutions for the fixed income and derivatives markets. Founded in 2016, it addresses the fragmentation in these markets by providing a unified application programming interface (API) that consolidates multiple execution venue APIs into a single connection. This enables banks and asset managers to efficiently manage their trading activities while maintaining low latency and secure connectivity essential for real-time trading. TransFICC's platform supports microsecond timestamping for data, which is crucial for maintaining a comprehensive audit trail and ensuring compliance with best execution standards. The company’s cloud-based hosting services facilitate timely updates and adaptations to changes in trading venues, making it a valuable partner for clients navigating the complexities of modern trading environments.

Komgo

Venture Round in 2020
komgo SA operates a distributed ledger technology platform for commodity transactions. The platform digitalizes the trade and commodities finance sector. The company was incorporated in 2018 and is based in Geneva, Switzerland.

OilX

Seed Round in 2020
OilX Limited is a London-based startup founded in 2018 that specializes in developing an analytical platform for the oil sector. The company combines oil industry expertise with data science to provide real-time insights into the global supply-demand balance of oil. By integrating various data sources, including satellite and shipping information, OilX delivers actionable intelligence and data-driven market research tailored for traders and analysts. The company has engaged in a beta testing phase with multiple clients, aiming to refine its offerings and enhance the value of its platform in the oil market.

Aiera

Series A in 2020
Aiera, Inc. operates a research automation and insights platform designed for institutional investors. The company leverages adaptive deep learning and advanced linguistics to provide real-time analysis of individual equities, industry trends, and investor themes. Its platform allows users to monitor public earnings calls, broker research, media coverage, SEC filings, and other relevant events in real-time. Aiera offers features such as real-time alerts with buy/sell/hold recommendations, target prices for tracked equities and crypto assets, and automation solutions that enhance the value derived from existing analyst and data resources. Founded in 2016 and headquartered in New York, Aiera aims to support investment managers by providing intelligent indicators and self-learning models that combine advanced predictive modeling with human insights.

DirectBooks

Seed Round in 2019
Addressing inefficiencies in the marketplace across multiple communication channels, DirectBooks will simplify the primary issuance process through the use of structured data and streamlined communications. The new service will increase the efficiency and accuracy of deal workflow information among market participants by disseminating it through a robust communication platform that can be integrated into underwriter and investor systems to better connect underwriters and their clients.

T-REX

Corporate Round in 2019
T-REX Group, Inc. develops an enterprise Software-as-a-Service platform tailored for the finance, renewables, and technology sectors. The platform, known as T-REX Analytics, provides tools for analyzing acquisitions and sales of solar assets, structuring renewable energy-backed deals, and managing ongoing portfolios. It enables users to assess production and credit risk parameters impacting cash flows, such as power production and operating expenses. The analytics capabilities allow for the structuring of customized debt tranches, the creation of capital structures for securitization, and the valuation of cash flows based on user-defined assumptions. By enhancing transparency and efficiency in complex asset classes, T-REX aims to unlock significant investment opportunities, making it easier for industry participants to invest in, securitize, and manage portfolios of diverse assets. Founded in 2012, T-REX is headquartered in New York, with additional offices in San Francisco and Tel Aviv.

Cosaic

Corporate Round in 2019
Cosaic is a software developer based in Charlottesville, Virginia, established in 2012 by Megan Read, Dan Schleifer, and Terry Thorsen. The company specializes in creating financial charting software and a smart desktop platform, prominently featuring its ChartIQ product. This financial visualization platform enables clients to design responsive and interactive charting experiences tailored for brokerages, individual traders, institutional trading desks, and financial portals. Cosaic focuses on HTML5 financial charting and data visualization tools, ensuring compatibility across various platforms, including mobile, web, and desktop. The company has established partnerships with multiple organizations, including Xignite, OpenFin, StockTwits, Estimize, Autochartist, and Thomson Reuters, to enhance its offerings in crowdsourced analytics and market insights.

T-REX

Series C in 2019
T-REX Group, Inc. develops an enterprise Software-as-a-Service platform tailored for the finance, renewables, and technology sectors. The platform, known as T-REX Analytics, provides tools for analyzing acquisitions and sales of solar assets, structuring renewable energy-backed deals, and managing ongoing portfolios. It enables users to assess production and credit risk parameters impacting cash flows, such as power production and operating expenses. The analytics capabilities allow for the structuring of customized debt tranches, the creation of capital structures for securitization, and the valuation of cash flows based on user-defined assumptions. By enhancing transparency and efficiency in complex asset classes, T-REX aims to unlock significant investment opportunities, making it easier for industry participants to invest in, securitize, and manage portfolios of diverse assets. Founded in 2012, T-REX is headquartered in New York, with additional offices in San Francisco and Tel Aviv.

AccessFintech

Series A in 2018
Access Fintech is an innovative risk management service for banks and buyside firms. The service helps firms track the trade lifecycle and get a true sense of prioritized risk, across an increasing number of systems. Access FinTech brings together fintech providers and in-house technology, orchestrating the interaction of the distributed providers and creating a single visual display of the risk of financial transactions in a global sharable view.

Crux

Series B in 2018
Crux Informatics Inc., founded in 2017 and based in San Francisco, California, provides data processing and management services through its cloud platform. The company facilitates reliable data exchange between suppliers and consumers, ensuring that businesses receive the data they need in a timely and efficient manner. By collaborating directly with data suppliers and serving a diverse range of consumers, Crux promotes economies of scale that enhance industry efficiency. Its platform offers flexible delivery methods and prioritizes high levels of service and security, enabling companies to access data at a lower cost and in a user-friendly format.

TransFICC

Corporate Round in 2018
TransFICC Limited is a technology company based in London, specializing in e-trading solutions for the fixed income and derivatives markets. Founded in 2016, it addresses the fragmentation in these markets by providing a unified application programming interface (API) that consolidates multiple execution venue APIs into a single connection. This enables banks and asset managers to efficiently manage their trading activities while maintaining low latency and secure connectivity essential for real-time trading. TransFICC's platform supports microsecond timestamping for data, which is crucial for maintaining a comprehensive audit trail and ensuring compliance with best execution standards. The company’s cloud-based hosting services facilitate timely updates and adaptations to changes in trading venues, making it a valuable partner for clients navigating the complexities of modern trading environments.

Crux

Corporate Round in 2018
Crux Informatics Inc., founded in 2017 and based in San Francisco, California, provides data processing and management services through its cloud platform. The company facilitates reliable data exchange between suppliers and consumers, ensuring that businesses receive the data they need in a timely and efficient manner. By collaborating directly with data suppliers and serving a diverse range of consumers, Crux promotes economies of scale that enhance industry efficiency. Its platform offers flexible delivery methods and prioritizes high levels of service and security, enabling companies to access data at a lower cost and in a user-friendly format.

CurveGlobal

Venture Round in 2018
The interest rate derivatives platform.

Crux

Series A in 2017
Crux Informatics Inc., founded in 2017 and based in San Francisco, California, provides data processing and management services through its cloud platform. The company facilitates reliable data exchange between suppliers and consumers, ensuring that businesses receive the data they need in a timely and efficient manner. By collaborating directly with data suppliers and serving a diverse range of consumers, Crux promotes economies of scale that enhance industry efficiency. Its platform offers flexible delivery methods and prioritizes high levels of service and security, enabling companies to access data at a lower cost and in a user-friendly format.

AUTO1 Group

Series E in 2017
AUTO1 Group GmbH operates a digital platform that connects buyers and sellers in the used car market, facilitating transactions in Europe and North America. Founded in 2012 and based in Berlin, the company sources used cars from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), dealerships, and its own business units, which include AUTO1.com and Autohero.com. The platform provides a seamless experience for both individual customers and professional dealers, allowing them to trade used cars at transparent prices without the complexities of negotiation. AUTO1 Group has two main segments: Merchant, where used cars are sold to commercial dealers, and Retail, which focuses on sales to private customers. The company continues to expand its presence, operating in nearly 30 countries and offering a diversified inventory that enhances its marketplace capabilities.

Cobalt

Seed Round in 2016
Cobalt delivers a private peer-to-peer network that significantly reduces post-trade cost and risk for financial market participants. It aims to use the technology behind bitcoin to simplify foreign exchange trading. The company also aims to create a single, shared view of each transaction by using blockchain technology, which uses complex cryptography to allow people to safely view and edit shared ledgers. The technology was first developed to underpin cryptocurrency bitcoin, doing away with the need for a central bank. Cobalt was founded in 2015 by Andy Coyne and Adrian Patten. It is headquartered in London, England.
Symphony Communication Services, LLC develops a secure collaboration platform tailored for financial institutions, enabling traders and portfolio managers to communicate effectively through messaging, screen sharing, and audio/video conferencing. The platform consolidates digital communications into a single application, allowing users to integrate various applications and bots into their workflows while ensuring data security and regulatory compliance. Symphony offers a range of solutions for enterprise collaboration, including tools for internal and external communication, document sharing, and application integration. Founded in 2012 and headquartered in Palo Alto, California, Symphony has additional offices in major global financial centers such as New York, London, Hong Kong, and Tokyo. The company, previously known as Perzo Inc., was rebranded in 2014 and operates as a subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.

Acadia

Venture Round in 2015
AcadiaSoft, Inc. specializes in providing workflow and communication solutions for derivatives collateral management aimed at institutional investors. The company offers a range of products, including the AcadiaSoft Messaging Platform, which facilitates communications for collateral calls, and AcadiaSoft Collateral Manager, available both as installed software and through a SaaS model. Additionally, AcadiaSoft features the MarginSphere Xpress platform, an email service that extends communications capabilities to counterparties not connected to its electronic messaging service for OTC derivatives. The firm also provides consultative Expert Services to help clients comply with regulatory requirements, as well as ISDA SIMM Approval Guidance to streamline the regulatory approval process. Founded in 2009 and headquartered in Pembroke, Massachusetts, AcadiaSoft has operations in Boston and London, and functions as a subsidiary of SSB Investments LLC.

TheMarkets

Venture Round in 2007
TheMarkets.com provides research, estimates, and workflow solutions to over 2000 institutional investment management firms worldwide. TheMarkets.com is owned by: Bank of America Securities, LLC , Citi , Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Kleinwort, part of Dresdner Bank AG, The Goldman Sachs Group, JPMorgan Chase, Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, UBS Investment Bank, and Thomson Reuters.

Automated Trading Desk

Acquisition in 2007
Automated Trading Desk, LLC specializes in the development of automated trading systems for various financial entities, including trading companies, buy-side and sell-side firms, and other financial institutions. Established in 1988 and located in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, the company offers a range of products designed to enhance trading efficiency. Its AUTO system prioritizes customer trades, while AUTO-PILOT is tailored for executing large orders with minimal market disruption. The firm also provides automated trading execution services for less liquid securities. In 2007, Automated Trading Desk became a subsidiary of Citigroup, Inc. and continues to operate under this ownership structure. The company focuses on creating advanced trading technology software that aids in market analysis, trade settlement, and risk management.

National Stock Exchange

Private Equity Round in 2007
The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) is a leading electronic stock exchange headquartered in Mumbai, established in 1992. It is recognized for its automated screen-based trading system, which ensures transparency, speed, and efficiency in the Indian securities market. NSE provides a wide range of services, including exchange listings, trading, clearing, and settlement, along with indices and market data feeds. The exchange plays a significant role in the development of the capital market landscape in India by promoting investor protection and implementing innovative practices such as dematerialization, electronic transfer of securities, and professionalization of trading members. NSE has also adopted advanced information technology to enhance its trading mechanisms and risk management systems, thereby contributing to the overall integrity and functionality of the market. Through its diverse offerings, NSE aims to meet the trading and investment needs of its users while fostering a robust financial environment.

Lava Trading

Acquisition in 2004
Lava Trading develops and provides equities, derivatives, and foreign exchange trading software solutions for broker/dealers, market makers, hedge funds, and institutional investors. The company provides trading systems, such as Lava ColorBook, which integrates order books from ECNs, exchanges, and liquidity sources into a data feed; Lava Trading Floor, a front-end trader workstation; and Lava ColorMaker, an art market making application. Lava Trading develops was founded by Richard Korhammer in 1999 and is headquartered in South Carolina.
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