Michael J. Fox Foundation

Accure Therapeutics S.L. is a pharmaceutical company based in Barcelona, Spain, focused on the development, production, and marketing of drugs aimed at treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases. As a clinical-stage research and development entity, Accure Therapeutics specializes in creating disease-modifying therapies for both severe orphan and non-orphan CNS disorders. The company is committed to accelerating the transition to effective treatments for disabling brain conditions, thereby enabling healthcare professionals to better address the complexities of CNS-related illnesses.

ndLyz Therapeutics, Inc. is developing disease-modifying therapeutics which restore endo-lysosomal function and abrogate neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other dementias.

Kazia Therapeutics Limited is an oncology-focused biotechnology company based in Sydney, Australia, dedicated to developing innovative anti-cancer drugs. Its lead candidate, paxalisib, is a small molecule designed to inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTor pathway, with a primary focus on treating glioblastoma. Additionally, the company is advancing Cantrixil for ovarian cancer treatment, currently in use under an Investigational New Drug application in hospitals across Australia and the United States. Kazia is also exploring EVT801 for various tumor types. The company engages in collaborations with prominent institutions, including St Jude Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and the University of Newcastle. Originally founded in 1994 as Novogen Limited, the company rebranded to Kazia Therapeutics in November 2017.

C2N Diagnostics, LLC is a privately held company focused on the development of protein diagnostics and therapeutics targeting progressive neurodegeneration, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Founded in 2007 by Drs. David Holtzman and Randall Bateman from Washington University School of Medicine, along with LifeTech Research, the company operates from the Center for Emerging Technologies in St. Louis. C2N Diagnostics specializes in mass spectrometry-based techniques that allow for the precise identification, quantification, and monitoring of proteins and biomolecules associated with neurological disorders. By providing accurate and sensitive diagnostics, the company aims to enhance the detection and characterization of neurocognitive disorders, ultimately supporting improved patient care and treatment strategies.

Grifols is a global healthcare company based in Spain, primarily engaged in the research, development, production, and commercialization of plasma-derived products. It operates through three main segments: Bioscience, Hospital, and Diagnostic. The Bioscience segment is focused on plasma derivative production, significantly bolstered by the acquisition of Talecris in 2011 and Biotest in 2022, which together enhanced its product portfolio and contributed to a substantial portion of its sales. The Hospital segment provides critical products and services to healthcare facilities, while the Diagnostic segment specializes in the development and manufacturing of diagnostic tools for laboratory analysis, particularly aimed at blood banks and transfusion centers. In 2023, the biopharma business comprised 84% of Grifols' sales, with diagnostics accounting for approximately 10%.

NurrOn Pharmaceuticals is an innovative pharmaceutical company focused on developing disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease and other Nurr1-related disorders. The company is dedicated to creating novel targeted therapeutics aimed at alleviating symptoms of these conditions by protecting dopaminergic neurons, which are crucial for motor control and function. Through its research and development efforts, NurrOn Pharmaceuticals seeks to improve clinical outcomes for patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, addressing a significant unmet medical need in the treatment of this incurable disorder.

CND Life Sciences is a medical diagnostics company focused on developing innovative tools for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, and pure autonomic failure. The company has introduced the Syn-One Test, an evidence-based diagnostic tool that detects, visualizes, and quantifies abnormal, phosphorylated alpha-synuclein in cutaneous nerve fibers. This test provides medical professionals with a convenient, accurate, and minimally invasive method to confirm the presence of synucleinopathy in patients, addressing a critical need for reliable diagnostic options in the field of neurology.

Bexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biotechnology company focused on developing innovative biologic therapies for cancer treatment. Established in 2006 and based in Covington, Kentucky, the company is working on a groundbreaking drug, BXQ-350, which employs a novel mechanism of action to target and eliminate tumor cells. This targeted approach is based on the identification of Phosphatidylserine patches that are unique to tumor cells and their associated blood vessels. The drug's mechanism activates acid sphingomyelinase, leading to the production of ceramide and increased levels of caspase, ultimately inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. In addition to treating solid tumors, Bexion Pharmaceuticals also aims to address chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), providing health professionals with tools to program cell death, reduce tumor proliferation, and stimulate immune responses.

NRG Therapeutics is a drug discovery company established in 2018, specializing in therapeutic solutions aimed at restoring mitochondrial function to address neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and motor neuron disease. Founded by a team of professionals with extensive experience in the biotech and pharmaceutical sectors, the company focuses on developing brain-penetrant mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors specifically for Parkinson's disease. NRG Therapeutics seeks to create innovative medicines that preserve mitochondrial function, thereby enabling effective treatment options for patients suffering from chronic neurodegenerative disorders.

SandboxAQ is a company that develops artificial intelligence and quantum technology solutions aimed at addressing complex business and scientific challenges. By integrating expertise from multiple disciplines, including physics, computer science, and mathematics, the company creates Large Quantitative Models and AI sensing applications tailored for various industries. Its offerings are designed to provide practical solutions in sectors such as financial services, healthcare, telecommunications, and cybersecurity. Through its innovative software, SandboxAQ enables clients to tackle significant computational challenges and advance their technological capabilities.

Selonterra, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing innovative therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Founded in 2017 and headquartered in San Mateo, California, the company aims to address the unmet medical needs of patients suffering from these neurodegenerative disorders. Selonterra specializes in harnessing human genetics and gene regulatory networks to create therapies that target the function and expression of specific proteins involved in these diseases. Through its efforts, the company seeks to provide healthcare professionals with potentially disease-modifying treatments that could improve patient outcomes.

Herantis Pharma is a biotech company focused on addressing unmet clinical needs, particularly in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. The company's primary development program centers on HER-096, a peptidomimetic molecule designed to mimic the biological activity of the neuroprotective CDNF protein. By targeting Parkinson's disease, Herantis Pharma aims to develop disease-modifying therapies that could significantly improve patient outcomes.

MISSION Therapeutics is a biotechnology company specializing in developing drugs that target the cellular process of deubiquitylation for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Their focus is on developing small molecule drugs that selectively inhibit specific deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), which play crucial roles in regulating protein degradation and cellular processes. These drugs aim to intervene in disease mechanisms where DUB dysregulation is implicated, offering potential therapeutic benefits.

Kannalife, a subsidiary of Neuropathix, Inc (OTCQB: NPTX), is a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing, and commercializing a product platform of novel molecules from our proprietary next-generation cannabinoid therapeutics as potent, non-opioid alternatives to treat patients with a variety of unmet medical needs.

Alchemab Therapeutics Ltd is a biotechnology company based in London, United Kingdom, focusing on the discovery and development of novel therapeutics aimed at patients with hard-to-treat diseases. Established in 2019 by Uri Laserson and Jane Osbourn, the company utilizes a transformative approach to identify drug targets and build a pipeline of antibody therapeutics. Alchemab's strategy involves harnessing naturally protective antibodies through an unbiased and function-first methodology that employs complementary processes and technologies. This innovative approach aims to provide treatments for various challenging conditions, including hard-to-treat cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious diseases.

Lucy Therapeutics is a biotechnology company focused on developing innovative treatments for neurological diseases by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. The company employs a unique approach to drug discovery, concentrating on drugging targets linked to the early stages of disease pathogenesis. This methodology not only addresses specific neurological conditions but also has the potential to extend treatment options for other related disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease. Additionally, Lucy Therapeutics is dedicated to creating proprietary small molecule therapies and diagnostic biomarkers aimed at enhancing the understanding of the central nervous system. By leveraging advanced genetic technologies, the company aims to provide insights into personalized medicine, thereby improving patient outcomes and enabling more precise healthcare interventions.

NeuroRestore is a research and innovation institution that develops and implements medical remedies to restore neurological functions.

Vesper Bio is a clinical-stage biotechnology company that makes an observation that may enable the development of a cure/treatment against a devastating or fatal disorder.

IRLAB Therapeutics AB is a Swedish research and development company focused on creating innovative drug treatments for neurological disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease. The company has developed several clinical candidates, including Mesdopetam, a dopamine D3 receptor antagonist that has completed Phase IIa trials for dyskinesia, and IRL752, which has also progressed through Phase IIa trials for postural dysfunction. In addition to these, IRLAB is advancing other research initiatives aimed at addressing neurodegenerative conditions and the effects of aging. These include programs designed to develop alternatives to levodopa, a common Parkinson's treatment, and additional compounds targeting various dysfunctions associated with Parkinson's disease. Based in Gothenburg, Sweden, IRLAB is committed to enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from neurological and psychiatric illnesses through its innovative therapeutic approaches.

Octave is a clinical platform developer focused on transforming the care landscape for multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases. The company creates a platform that generates, analyzes, and integrates data to improve patient outcomes and reduce overall healthcare costs. By optimizing medication usage and healthcare services, Octave aims to enhance the efficiency of the pharmaceutical industry throughout the entire lifecycle of drug development, which includes discovery, clinical trials, and post-marketing phases. Their approach utilizes real-world evidence to inform decision-making, ultimately striving to set a new standard in multiple sclerosis care.

Nine Square Therapeutics is engaged in the development of small-molecule therapeutics aimed at treating degenerative movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as non-degenerative conditions such as essential tremor and dyskinesias. Founded in 2020 and based in New York, the company employs an innovative approach that combines computational chemistry, biophysics, and computational biology with machine-learning-enabled cell profiling platforms. This methodology enhances the processes of target identification, chemical optimization, and patient stratification, enabling healthcare professionals to more effectively address the challenges posed by these movement disorders.

Cantabio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a preclinical stage biotechnology company based in Palo Alto, California, focused on the research, development, and commercialization of innovative therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. The company's lead programs include CB101, a small molecule pharmacological chaperone targeting the DJ-1 protein for Parkinson’s disease, and CB201, an engineered DJ-1 protein designed to penetrate the central nervous system. Additionally, Cantabio is developing CB301, a small molecule targeting Tau protein for Alzheimer's disease, and CB401, which targets amyloid-beta for the same condition. The company also collaborates with the Luxembourg Institute of Health to explore therapeutic strategies targeting the DJ-1 protein for immune-associated diseases. Founded in 2009, Cantabio is committed to advancing novel therapeutic options and leveraging the intellectual property generated from its research efforts.

NysnoBio is a biotechnology company focused on developing innovative therapies for serious medical conditions, with a particular emphasis on Parkinson's disease. The company was the first to identify the Parkin gene's association with Parkinson's disease and to demonstrate that Parkin functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. NysnoBio has pioneered several key advancements, including publishing the crystal structure of essential parts of enzymology and utilizing adeno-associated virus (AAV) in gene therapy. Their approach involves developing small molecule activators for the Parkin protein and employing gene therapy to preserve dopamine neurons, aiming to provide effective treatments for Parkinson's disease patients.

Neuronity Therapeutics, established in 2022 and based in Mansfield, USA, is a biotechnology company specializing in the development of gene therapy treatments for neurological disorders. Its primary focus is on combating age-related neurodegeneration, such as Parkinson's disease, by promoting the body's natural immune response and restoring its immunity within the central nervous system.

Ventus Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing innovative small molecule medicines that target the innate immune system. The company employs a structural immunology platform that provides deep insights into molecular structures and mechanisms, enabling precise targeting of the innate immune system. Ventus combines advanced protein engineering capabilities with cutting-edge rational and structure-based drug design tools to create therapeutics aimed at treating autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, and cancer. The company is actively building a diverse pipeline of drug programs that address significant targets within the innate immune system, with the goal of advancing treatments for both acute and chronic inflammatory and immune-related diseases.

icometrix is a technology company that specializes in the analysis of brain MRI images using artificial intelligence. Founded in 2011 as a spin-off from the universities and university hospitals of Leuven and Antwerp, icometrix has established itself as a leader in providing standardized measurements for patients with neurological disorders. The company’s flagship product, MSmetrix, is designed to detect brain lesions and assess various brain metrics, including lesion volume and atrophy, with regulatory approvals in the EU, Canada, Brazil, and Australia. Based in Leuven, with an office in Boston, icometrix employs over 25 professionals and is internationally active. The company also serves as an image analysis expert in clinical trials and research studies, where it processes large volumes of brain imaging data to derive insights into conditions such as traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. icometrix is certified in quality management and information security, underscoring its commitment to maintaining high standards in medical devices and data handling.

Lys Therapeutics is a biotechnology company focused on developing therapies for patients with neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. The company is notable for its lead drug, Glunozumab, a monoclonal antibody that employs a novel mechanism of action. This drug hyperactivates both vascular and neuronal NMDA receptors, leading to off-target toxicity that can disrupt the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers, resulting in neuronal excitotoxicity associated with conditions such as stroke and multiple sclerosis. Lys Therapeutics aims to address neuroinflammation and its effects on neurodegeneration through innovative biotherapies.

Olatec Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing safe, oral therapeutics that act as NLRP3 antagonists to treat and prevent a range of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. These conditions, which are often mediated by Interleukin-1, include arthritis, heart failure, asthma, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, type-2 diabetes, melanoma, and breast cancers. The company's lead compound, dapansutrile, selectively targets the NLRP3 inflammasome, inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1B and IL-18. With a team of experienced professionals and thought leaders in inflammation and immunology, Olatec aims to advance its proprietary pipeline of NLRP3 inhibitors to address significant unmet medical needs. The company operates in the United States and Europe, with offices in New York and the Netherlands.

Selonterra, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing innovative therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Founded in 2017 and headquartered in San Mateo, California, the company aims to address the unmet medical needs of patients suffering from these neurodegenerative disorders. Selonterra specializes in harnessing human genetics and gene regulatory networks to create therapies that target the function and expression of specific proteins involved in these diseases. Through its efforts, the company seeks to provide healthcare professionals with potentially disease-modifying treatments that could improve patient outcomes.

NRG Therapeutics is a drug discovery company established in 2018, specializing in therapeutic solutions aimed at restoring mitochondrial function to address neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and motor neuron disease. Founded by a team of professionals with extensive experience in the biotech and pharmaceutical sectors, the company focuses on developing brain-penetrant mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors specifically for Parkinson's disease. NRG Therapeutics seeks to create innovative medicines that preserve mitochondrial function, thereby enabling effective treatment options for patients suffering from chronic neurodegenerative disorders.

Newel Health is a pioneering company focused on developing and commercializing clinically validated digital medicine and digital therapeutic solutions. By collaborating with pharmaceutical and medical device companies, as well as other stakeholders in health and wellness, Newel Health aims to transform healthcare access. Their platform supports various services, including research and development, design, validation, and commercialization of digital therapeutics, effectively bridging the gap between clinical research and real-world outcomes. Rooted in a commitment to health innovation, the company prioritizes human empathy and the actual needs of patients and healthcare professionals in all its product offerings, leveraging data and technology to enhance the future of healthcare.

Esya is a biotechnology company focused on advancing the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia. The company has developed a nanotechnology device that performs a straightforward blood test or skin biopsy to measure and monitor disease progression. This innovative approach not only aids in diagnosing neurocognitive impairments but also supports pharmaceutical companies in drug development by quantifying patient responses to treatment. By facilitating the pre-assessment of patient cohorts, Esya enables scientists to create personalized medicine tailored to individual needs, enhancing the overall effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.

Amydis is a privately-held pharmaceutical company dedicated to developing innovative diagnostic tools for detecting diseases linked to amyloid protein deposits. Its core technology involves novel compounds that fluoresce upon binding to amyloid proteins, enabling non-invasive diagnosis. Amydis' primary focus is on early-stage Alzheimer's disease detection, with other potential applications including Parkinson's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and various forms of amyloidosis. The company aims to provide faster, more accessible, and affordable diagnostic solutions compared to existing methods, contributing to better healthcare decisions for patients and their families.

Muna Therapeutics is a private biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing therapies aimed at slowing or halting the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Multiple Sclerosis. The company is dedicated to identifying innovative medicines that preserve cognitive functions and enhance resilience in individuals affected by these conditions. By prioritizing the development of suitable therapeutics, Muna Therapeutics aims to improve recovery outcomes for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases.

Seelos Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in New York, founded in 2016. It specializes in developing novel therapeutics to address unmet medical needs, particularly focusing on central nervous system (CNS) disorders and other rare conditions. The company's lead programs include SLS-002, an intranasal racemic ketamine for treating acute suicidal ideation and behavior in patients with major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder; SLS-005, a protein stabilizer for Sanfilippo syndrome; and SLS-006, a partial dopamine agonist for Parkinson's disease. Additionally, Seelos Therapeutics has several preclinical programs targeting various conditions such as Parkinson's disease, chronic inflammation in asthma, narcolepsy, and post-operative pain management.

Koneksa Health Inc. is a healthcare data analytics company that specializes in designing and developing software solutions for pharmaceutical and biotech firms. The company’s flagship product, Koneksa Compare, facilitates the collection, monitoring, and analysis of patient-generated data to support clinical studies and regulatory claims. By integrating emerging technologies such as bio-sensors, activity trackers, and mobile-based questionnaires, Koneksa enhances the accuracy and breadth of data that researchers can analyze, thereby minimizing subjective biases in clinical endpoints. Additionally, the platform provides a dashboard that offers electronic clinical outcome assessments and reminders for study participants. Established in 2013 and headquartered in New York, Koneksa also maintains a presence in London, United Kingdom, and is recognized for its contributions to improving the efficiency of drug development through innovative data analysis.

ZyVersa Therapeutics, Inc. is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Weston, Florida, focused on developing innovative therapeutics for patients suffering from inflammatory and renal diseases with significant unmet medical needs. The company’s clinical pipeline features VAR 200, a cholesterol efflux mediator currently ready for phase 2a trials, aimed at treating focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, a rare kidney disease. Additionally, ZyVersa is advancing a novel inflammasome inhibitor, IC 100, which has the potential to address multiple inflammatory conditions. Established in 2014 and originally known as Variant Pharmaceuticals, ZyVersa Therapeutics leverages proprietary technologies to create first-in-class drugs tailored to the needs of underserved patient populations.

EpicentRx Inc., a clinical-stage biotechnology company based in La Jolla, California, specializes in developing immunotherapy solutions for cancer treatment. The company's portfolio includes RRx-001, a suite of immunotherapeutic compounds designed to convert treatment-resistant tumors into sensitive ones by normalizing the tumor microenvironment, activating the innate immune system, and sensitizing solid tumors to standard therapies. Additionally, EpicentRx offers AV-255, a genetically altered adenovirus that infects and kills cancer cells. The company, founded in 2002 and formerly known as RadioRx, Inc., is led by actively practicing oncologists who are deeply motivated by the plight of cancer patients, driving their efforts to personalize immunotherapies for individuals with limited treatment options or undruggable mutations.

Koneksa Health Inc. is a healthcare data analytics company that specializes in designing and developing software solutions for pharmaceutical and biotech firms. The company’s flagship product, Koneksa Compare, facilitates the collection, monitoring, and analysis of patient-generated data to support clinical studies and regulatory claims. By integrating emerging technologies such as bio-sensors, activity trackers, and mobile-based questionnaires, Koneksa enhances the accuracy and breadth of data that researchers can analyze, thereby minimizing subjective biases in clinical endpoints. Additionally, the platform provides a dashboard that offers electronic clinical outcome assessments and reminders for study participants. Established in 2013 and headquartered in New York, Koneksa also maintains a presence in London, United Kingdom, and is recognized for its contributions to improving the efficiency of drug development through innovative data analysis.

AlzProtect is a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to developing drug candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease and orphan tauopathies like Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. The company focuses on research related to tauopathies, where neuronal degeneration arises from the abnormal aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins and associated inflammation. By advancing its drug candidates from discovery through clinical trials, AlzProtect aims to provide innovative therapeutic solutions for these challenging conditions, addressing significant unmet medical needs in the field of neurodegeneration.

Modality.AI, Inc. is a healthcare technology company based in San Francisco, California, founded in 2018. It specializes in AI-powered solutions that enhance the efficiency of clinical trials for neurological and mental health therapies. The company's platform utilizes conversational AI to engage patients through naturalistic spoken interaction, allowing for continuous health assessments anytime and anywhere. By analyzing multimodal data, including audio-visual biomarkers, Modality.AI provides objective measures that correlate with clinical outcomes. This innovative approach enables pharmaceutical companies to conduct self-driven assessments and improve the monitoring of health conditions, ultimately facilitating more effective clinical trials.

Asceneuron SA, established in 2012 and headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, is a biotechnology subsidiary of Merck KGaA dedicated to discovering and developing therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders with high unmet medical needs. The company focuses on progressive supranuclear palsy, orphan tauopathies, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, aiming to provide effective treatments where none currently exist or are limited in their benefits. Asceneuron operates by targeting the underlying causes of these debilitating conditions, such as abnormal tau protein deposits, with the goal of developing orally bioavailable therapeutics that can improve patients' lives and address the growing healthcare burden posed by neurodegenerative diseases.

AcureX Therapeutics is a biotechnology company focused on addressing neurodegenerative diseases, with an initial emphasis on Parkinson’s Disease. The company is dedicated to halting the progression of these conditions by targeting the impairment of mitophagy, a crucial cellular process that enables the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria. By identifying druggable targets linked to defects in mitophagy, AcureX Therapeutics aims to provide innovative solutions to medical facilities, facilitating the development of effective treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.

Lucy Therapeutics is a biotechnology company focused on developing innovative treatments for neurological diseases by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. The company employs a unique approach to drug discovery, concentrating on drugging targets linked to the early stages of disease pathogenesis. This methodology not only addresses specific neurological conditions but also has the potential to extend treatment options for other related disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease. Additionally, Lucy Therapeutics is dedicated to creating proprietary small molecule therapies and diagnostic biomarkers aimed at enhancing the understanding of the central nervous system. By leveraging advanced genetic technologies, the company aims to provide insights into personalized medicine, thereby improving patient outcomes and enabling more precise healthcare interventions.

ND BioSciences is a biotechnology company that was founded with the mission of developing and providing innovative technologies, solutions, tools, assays, and services to accelerate the development of early diagnostics and therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.

Arkuda Therapeutics, Inc. is a biotechnology company founded in 2018 and based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, focused on developing innovative treatments for patients with neurological diseases. The company utilizes new insights into progranulin and lysosomal biology to create therapies that aim to correct progranulin deficiency and address lysosomal dysfunction, particularly in genetically-defined frontotemporal dementia associated with mutations in the GRN gene. By targeting these underlying biological mechanisms, Arkuda's lead compounds are designed to improve cellular health in the brain, potentially delaying the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and the onset of their symptoms.

MISSION Therapeutics is a biotechnology company specializing in developing drugs that target the cellular process of deubiquitylation for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Their focus is on developing small molecule drugs that selectively inhibit specific deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), which play crucial roles in regulating protein degradation and cellular processes. These drugs aim to intervene in disease mechanisms where DUB dysregulation is implicated, offering potential therapeutic benefits.

Sinopia Biosciences is a company focused on revolutionizing drug discovery and disease research through a data-driven platform. By integrating high-throughput screening, multi-omics data, artificial intelligence, and network analysis, Sinopia aims to identify and advance novel therapeutics more effectively than traditional target-based approaches. Recognizing the complexities and unclear etiologies of many diseases, the company emphasizes phenotypic screening, which has demonstrated higher productivity in discovering first-in-class medications. This innovative methodology enables researchers to explore disease mechanisms and potential treatments in greater depth, ultimately facilitating the development of new and effective therapies.

NRG Therapeutics is a drug discovery company established in 2018, specializing in therapeutic solutions aimed at restoring mitochondrial function to address neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and motor neuron disease. Founded by a team of professionals with extensive experience in the biotech and pharmaceutical sectors, the company focuses on developing brain-penetrant mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors specifically for Parkinson's disease. NRG Therapeutics seeks to create innovative medicines that preserve mitochondrial function, thereby enabling effective treatment options for patients suffering from chronic neurodegenerative disorders.

Wealthsimple Financial Inc. is a Toronto-based company that specializes in providing digital investment advisory services across Canada and operates additional offices in Brooklyn, New York, and London, United Kingdom. Founded in 2014, Wealthsimple offers a range of financial tools designed to help investors grow and manage their money. The company builds diversified portfolios of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) on behalf of its clients, offering accessible and affordable investment management without the high fees and account minimums typical of traditional firms. Wealthsimple also provides on-demand financial planning solutions and a hybrid savings and spending product known as Wealthsimple Cash. As of September 2020, Wealthsimple operates as a subsidiary of Purpose Advisor Solutions Inc.

MapLight Therapeutics is focused on discovering and developing innovative therapies for brain disorders. The company utilizes a unique platform that integrates single-cell transcriptomics with optogenetics, enabling the identification of novel drug targets. By leveraging these advanced technologies, MapLight aims to create effective treatments tailored to address complex neurological conditions. Founded in 2018 and based in San Francisco, California, the company is committed to advancing the understanding and treatment of brain disorders through its cutting-edge research and development efforts.

Caraway Therapeutics, Inc. is a biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that focuses on developing innovative treatments for neurodegenerative diseases by modulating mitophagy and autophagy. The company aims to address the degradation of toxic cellular components, which is a key factor in various neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. By leveraging an understanding of critical neural pathways, Caraway Therapeutics seeks to discover and develop novel small molecules that can restore cellular balance and improve lysosomal function. Founded in 2018 and initially known as Rheostat Therapeutics, Inc., the company rebranded in 2019 to reflect its commitment to finding effective therapies for patients affected by these debilitating diseases.

Amydis is a privately-held pharmaceutical company dedicated to developing innovative diagnostic tools for detecting diseases linked to amyloid protein deposits. Its core technology involves novel compounds that fluoresce upon binding to amyloid proteins, enabling non-invasive diagnosis. Amydis' primary focus is on early-stage Alzheimer's disease detection, with other potential applications including Parkinson's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and various forms of amyloidosis. The company aims to provide faster, more accessible, and affordable diagnostic solutions compared to existing methods, contributing to better healthcare decisions for patients and their families.

Med-Life Discoveries is a biotechnology company based in Saskatoon, Canada, specializing in the development of synthetic plasmalogens and plasmalogen precursors for therapeutic applications. The company focuses on creating metabolic precursor products that mimic the chemical bonds typically produced by peroxisomal enzymes, targeting diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Additionally, Med-Life Discoveries offers a range of screening test kits and health monitoring products aimed at addressing various health conditions, including colon, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers, as well as multiple sclerosis. By building on decades of research into metabolic abnormalities that precede disease onset, Med-Life Discoveries seeks to provide innovative solutions for clinics and hospitals to improve patient outcomes.

H. Lundbeck is a Denmark-based global pharmaceutical company dedicated to improving the quality of life for individuals with psychiatric and neurological disorders. The company specializes in the research, development, production, marketing, and sale of pharmaceuticals targeting various conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Lundbeck's product portfolio includes medications like Abilify Maintena, Rexulti, Brintellix, Northera, Sabril, and Vyepti, addressing issues ranging from psychosis to migraine prevention. With a workforce of approximately 5,300 employees across 55 countries, the company operates research facilities in Denmark and China, as well as production sites in multiple countries, including China, Denmark, France, and Italy. By focusing heavily on research and development, Lundbeck aims to meet the ongoing demand for innovative therapeutics, as there remains a significant unmet need in the treatment of these serious disorders, which affect millions globally.

Olaris is a biotechnology company focused on transforming disease diagnosis and treatment through its innovative CEREBRO platform, which integrates metabolomics and machine learning. Founded in 2013 and headquartered in Framingham, Massachusetts, Olaris aims to enhance precision medicine by utilizing the body’s natural communication systems to identify biomarkers essential for treatment responsiveness. Through its myOLARIS™ precision diagnostics pipeline, the company collaborates with healthcare providers to tailor therapeutic approaches, thereby optimizing patient outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. Olaris is dedicated to advancing personalized healthcare solutions that improve the efficacy of medical interventions.

Sinopia Biosciences is a company focused on revolutionizing drug discovery and disease research through a data-driven platform. By integrating high-throughput screening, multi-omics data, artificial intelligence, and network analysis, Sinopia aims to identify and advance novel therapeutics more effectively than traditional target-based approaches. Recognizing the complexities and unclear etiologies of many diseases, the company emphasizes phenotypic screening, which has demonstrated higher productivity in discovering first-in-class medications. This innovative methodology enables researchers to explore disease mechanisms and potential treatments in greater depth, ultimately facilitating the development of new and effective therapies.

Nitrase Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing innovative therapies targeting a newly identified class of enzymes known as Nitrases. Initially concentrating on Parkinson’s disease, Nitrase aims to create treatments that may slow or halt the progression of this condition. The company leverages its proprietary platform, which is based on the biochemical modification of proteins through nitration, to identify nitro-substrates and their relevance in various diseases. This approach not only addresses Parkinson's but also positions Nitrase to expand its research into other therapeutic indications, with the goal of offering novel medicines that target this specific enzyme pathway.

Casma Therapeutics, Inc. is a biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that specializes in developing innovative therapeutic strategies centered on the natural cellular process of autophagy. Founded in 2017, the company aims to enhance autophagy to improve the clearance of unwanted proteins, organelles, and pathogens, thereby addressing significant medical challenges. Casma Therapeutics is advancing preclinical programs targeting various conditions, including muscle disorders, liver disease, inflammatory disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. By harnessing and manipulating the autophagy system, the company seeks to arrest or reverse disease progression, ultimately enabling physicians to meet unmet medical needs and provide effective treatments for patients with serious health issues.

Aprinoia Therapeutics Inc. is a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on advancing brain health through innovative diagnostic tools and therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. Founded in 2015 and headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan, with additional locations in China and Japan, Aprinoia develops imaging-based diagnostics, including 18F-PM-PBB3, a tau positron-emission tomography (PET) tracer that aids in the diagnosis of tauopathies. The company also manufactures an alpha-synuclein PET imaging tracer. By targeting protein aggregates associated with conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, Aprinoia aims to enhance precision medicine in neuroscience and improve patient outcomes. The company's commitment to addressing the complexities of neurodegenerative diseases positions it as a leader in the development of first-in-class and best-in-class diagnostic and therapeutic solutions.

Inflazome Ltd. is a biotechnology company based in Dublin, Ireland, established in 2016. The company specializes in developing orally available drugs aimed at addressing unmet clinical needs in inflammatory diseases by targeting inflammasomes, which are critical in the inflammatory process. Inflazome's innovative therapies are designed to block inflammasome signals, thereby addressing the root causes of inflammation. The company's portfolio includes treatments for a range of conditions, such as neurological disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, systemic inflammatory diseases, and certain orphan diseases. As of September 2020, Inflazome operates as a subsidiary of Roche Holding AG, further enhancing its capacity to deliver targeted therapies in the field of inflammatory diseases.

Amydis is a privately-held pharmaceutical company dedicated to developing innovative diagnostic tools for detecting diseases linked to amyloid protein deposits. Its core technology involves novel compounds that fluoresce upon binding to amyloid proteins, enabling non-invasive diagnosis. Amydis' primary focus is on early-stage Alzheimer's disease detection, with other potential applications including Parkinson's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and various forms of amyloidosis. The company aims to provide faster, more accessible, and affordable diagnostic solutions compared to existing methods, contributing to better healthcare decisions for patients and their families.

Alkahest, Inc. is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in San Carlos, California, founded in 2014. The company specializes in developing therapies derived from blood to address neurological diseases, particularly those associated with aging, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Alkahest's innovative research has shown that factors in the blood plasma of younger organisms can reverse cognitive deficits associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases in animal models. The company aims to enhance health and vitality by creating transformative treatments that mitigate the negative effects of aging. Alkahest operates as a subsidiary of Grifols, a global healthcare company known for its plasma therapies.

OccamzRazor is a biotechnology company that leverages machine learning and advanced biological techniques to enhance drug discovery and development processes. The company employs two proprietary technologies: Panoramic AI and RazorBrain. These tools work together to extract data from unstructured text sources, such as publications and patient-reported outcomes, and integrate it with structured data like genomics, proteomics, and phenomics. This integration aims to generate robust hypotheses for drug discovery and provide valuable insights into therapeutic strategies. OccamzRazor's applications include extracting and curating biomedical text data, identifying novel targets, and repurposing existing drugs. The company is particularly focused on developing neuroscience therapeutics, with a notable emphasis on Parkinson's Disease.

Neuropore Therapies is a pharmaceutical company located in San Diego, CA committed to the discovery and development of disease-modifying treatments for neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. They are located on Road to the Cure in San Diego, CA.Their approach is based on the fundamental concept that the pathological accumulation of misfolded and aggregated neurotoxic proteins is the underlying basis of these disorders. Their therapeutic candidates directly target these proteins and restore cellular autophagy mechanisms to degrade and dispose of these neurotoxic proteins.

MISSION Therapeutics is a biotechnology company specializing in developing drugs that target the cellular process of deubiquitylation for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Their focus is on developing small molecule drugs that selectively inhibit specific deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), which play crucial roles in regulating protein degradation and cellular processes. These drugs aim to intervene in disease mechanisms where DUB dysregulation is implicated, offering potential therapeutic benefits.

Inhibikase Therapeutics is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company focused on developing therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease and related disorders affecting the brain and other parts of the body. The company's lead product candidate, IkT-148009, is a c-Abl protein kinase inhibitor aimed at treating Parkinson's Disease, dysphagia, and neurogenic constipation. Additionally, Inhibikase is advancing IkT-001Pro, a prodrug of the anti-cancer agent Imatinib, which is designed to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Other notable candidates include IkT-01427, which targets the virus responsible for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and the IkT-148x series, intended for Dementia with Lewy Body and Multiple System Atrophy. Founded in 2008 and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, Inhibikase has also developed a small molecule platform that targets both bacterial and viral infectious diseases through a unified mechanism, aiming to create effective multi-pathogen anti-infectives while minimizing resistance development.

Addex Therapeutics Ltd is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Geneva, Switzerland, specializing in the discovery, development, and commercialization of novel orally available small-molecule drugs, particularly allosteric modulators targeting central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The company's leading programs include Dipraglurant, aimed at treating levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease and dystonia, ADX71149 for epilepsy and other undisclosed CNS disorders, and a GABAB positive allosteric modulator for addiction. Addex Therapeutics emphasizes the advantages of allosteric modulators over traditional non-allosteric molecules, as they may provide improved therapeutic solutions. The company also has a collaboration agreement with Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. to develop mGluR2PAM compounds for therapeutic use. Founded in 2002, Addex Therapeutics was formerly known as Addex Pharmaceuticals Ltd and rebranded in March 2012.

Neuropore Therapies is a pharmaceutical company located in San Diego, CA committed to the discovery and development of disease-modifying treatments for neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. They are located on Road to the Cure in San Diego, CA.Their approach is based on the fundamental concept that the pathological accumulation of misfolded and aggregated neurotoxic proteins is the underlying basis of these disorders. Their therapeutic candidates directly target these proteins and restore cellular autophagy mechanisms to degrade and dispose of these neurotoxic proteins.

Asceneuron SA, established in 2012 and headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, is a biotechnology subsidiary of Merck KGaA dedicated to discovering and developing therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders with high unmet medical needs. The company focuses on progressive supranuclear palsy, orphan tauopathies, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, aiming to provide effective treatments where none currently exist or are limited in their benefits. Asceneuron operates by targeting the underlying causes of these debilitating conditions, such as abnormal tau protein deposits, with the goal of developing orally bioavailable therapeutics that can improve patients' lives and address the growing healthcare burden posed by neurodegenerative diseases.

Saniona is a pharmaceutical company dedicated to researching and developing innovative treatments for various diseases, including those affecting the central nervous system, autoimmune disorders, metabolic conditions, and pain management. The company specializes in the development of highly selective ion channel modulators, employing a technology platform that targets GABAA receptors, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and potassium channels. Its most advanced product candidate, Tesomet, is currently in mid-stage clinical trials for rare eating disorders. Additionally, Saniona is advancing two other product candidates: SAN711, which has successfully completed a Phase 1 clinical trial for neuropathic pain conditions, and SAN903, which is preparing to enter Phase 1 trials for inflammatory and fibrotic disorders. The company is committed to leveraging its expertise in ion channel modulation to create effective new medicines.

nLife Therapeutics S.L. is a biopharmaceutical company based in Granada, Spain, with an additional office in Barcelona. Founded in 2009, the company focuses on developing innovative treatments for central nervous system (CNS) and neuromuscular disorders through the use of cell-specific oligonucleotides. nLife Therapeutics specializes in first-in-class disease-modifying therapies, including a treatment that selectively silences alpha-synuclein in monoaminergic neurons to halt toxic accumulation associated with Parkinson's disease. Additionally, the company targets Huntington’s Disease by reducing levels of altered Htt in striatal and cortical neurons to impede disease progression. Their technology employs conjugated nucleic acids delivered to selected neurons via a single intra-nasal application, positioning nLife Therapeutics at the forefront of next-generation targeted nucleic acid products.

Domain Therapeutics SA is a biopharmaceutical company based in Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France, focused on the discovery and early development of therapeutic drugs targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are key drug targets in various diseases. Founded in 2001, the company specializes in developing small molecules for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders and cancer. It employs its proprietary technology platform, DTect-All, which enables the identification of orthosteric and allosteric ligands, including Silent Allosteric Modulators (SAMs) that are challenging to discover using conventional methods. In addition, Domain Therapeutics offers BioSens-All, a platform to explore the signaling complexities associated with GPCR activation, enhancing its ability to address difficult targets, such as orphan and peptidic GPCRs.

Motus Therapeutics is a biotechnology company located in Boston, Massachusetts, focused on developing peptide therapeutics to address unmet needs in metabolic diseases. The company specializes in treatments for gastrointestinal disorders, with its lead product candidate, relamorelin, acting as a ghrelin agonist. Relamorelin is specifically designed for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis, a gastrointestinal complication associated with diabetes, as well as other gastrointestinal functional disorders. Through its innovative approach, Motus Therapeutics aims to improve the quality of life for patients suffering from these conditions.

ZelosDx is a company focused on developing neurodiagnostic technologies, specifically blood testing products aimed at advancing research in brain health and disease. It offers proprietary technology that allows research collaborators to license and adapt blood testing kits and automated laboratory equipment. Additionally, the company provides pharmaceutical partners with biomarker technology essential for drug discovery tools. By delivering critical data for diagnosis, monitoring, and assessing therapeutic responses, ZelosDx supports researchers and pharmaceutical companies in making significant breakthroughs in understanding and treating brain-related conditions.

Addex Therapeutics Ltd is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Geneva, Switzerland, specializing in the discovery, development, and commercialization of novel orally available small-molecule drugs, particularly allosteric modulators targeting central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The company's leading programs include Dipraglurant, aimed at treating levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease and dystonia, ADX71149 for epilepsy and other undisclosed CNS disorders, and a GABAB positive allosteric modulator for addiction. Addex Therapeutics emphasizes the advantages of allosteric modulators over traditional non-allosteric molecules, as they may provide improved therapeutic solutions. The company also has a collaboration agreement with Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. to develop mGluR2PAM compounds for therapeutic use. Founded in 2002, Addex Therapeutics was formerly known as Addex Pharmaceuticals Ltd and rebranded in March 2012.

Envoy Therapeutics is a biotechnology company focused on drug discovery, aiming to develop new therapeutics with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects compared to existing treatments. Utilizing its proprietary bacTRAP® technology, the company can identify proteins produced by specific cell types in vivo, eliminating the need for cell isolation. This innovative approach is particularly beneficial in complex tissues such as the brain, where numerous cell types coexist. By enabling the precise modulation of cell activity through the identification of unique protein expressions, Envoy Therapeutics is positioning itself at the forefront of advancements in targeted drug development.

Trevena, Inc., founded in 2007 and headquartered in Chesterbrook, Pennsylvania, is a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of innovative medicines for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The company specializes in creating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) biased ligands, which aim to improve upon existing therapies by enhancing efficacy and reducing adverse effects. Trevena's pipeline includes several product candidates: Oliceridine injection, a mu-opioid receptor ligand completed Phase III trials for acute pain management; TRV250, a delta-opioid receptor agonist in Phase I study for migraine treatment; TRV734, a small molecule MOR ligand in Phase I study for acute and chronic pain; TRV027, currently in phase 2 clinical testing for the treatment of acute heart failure; and TRV045, an S1P modulator for managing chronic pain. Trevena has also collaborated with Imperial College London to evaluate Trv027 in Covid-19 patients.

Sapiens Steering Brain Stimulation GmbH is a medical device company focused on advancing deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy. Founded in 2011 as a spin-out of Royal Philips Electronics, Sapiens operates from offices in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, and Munich, Germany. The company is dedicated to developing a high-resolution, MRI-compatible DBS system designed to enhance patient comfort and improve therapeutic outcomes, particularly for individuals with Parkinson's disease. Sapiens’ innovative approach includes a unique steering brain stimulation system and image-guided programming, both of which are based on patented technologies.

Amicus Therapeutics, Inc. is a biotechnology company dedicated to the discovery, development, and commercialization of therapies for rare and orphan diseases. Founded in 2002 and headquartered in Cranbury, New Jersey, the company focuses on developing innovative treatments, including Galafold, an orally administered pharmacological chaperone for Fabry disease. Amicus is also advancing its pipeline with a Phase 3 clinical study of AT-GAA for Pompe disease. The company's research includes a range of first-in-class small molecules designed to treat lysosomal storage diseases by stabilizing misfolded enzymes in patients. This therapeutic approach potentially enhances the effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapies. Amicus Therapeutics has established collaborations with institutions such as Nationwide Children's Hospital and the University of Pennsylvania to further its research and development efforts.

Ceregene is a private biotechnology company based in San Diego, specializing in treatments for major neurodegenerative disorders through the delivery of nervous system growth factors. The company's clinical programs include CERE-110, an AAV2-based vector designed to express nerve growth factor, which is set to enter Phase 2 trials for Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, Ceregene is advancing CERE-120, which has completed Phase 2 trials for Parkinson's disease and is currently under evaluation for further development. The company is also developing CERE-135 and CERE-140, both of which are in preclinical stages, targeting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and various ocular diseases, respectively.

Omeros Corporation is a Seattle-based biopharmaceutical company that focuses on discovering, developing, and commercializing small-molecule and protein therapeutics targeting inflammation, complement-mediated diseases, and disorders of the central nervous system. The company offers OMIDRIA, a product used during cataract surgery in the United States. Omeros is advancing several clinical programs, including narsoplimab, which is in Phase III trials for conditions such as hematopoietic stem-cell transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy and immunoglobulin A nephropathy, as well as Phase II trials for lupus nephritis. Other key programs include OMS405, targeting opioid and nicotine addiction, and OMS527, aimed at treating addiction and movement disorders. The company's preclinical pipeline includes compounds addressing various conditions, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and other alternative pathway disorders. Founded in 1994, Omeros is dedicated to addressing both large-market and orphan indications through innovative therapeutic approaches.

Umecrine Cognition is a biopharmaceutical company established in 2006, focusing on developing drugs to treat neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS) caused by endogenous CNS-active steroids, specifically GABA-steroids. The company's primary objective is to discover and commercialize novel therapeutics for treating Hepatic Encephalopathy, a cognitive disorder affecting patients with liver disease. Umecrine Cognition operates as a lean organization within a competent network, collaborating with Karolinska Development since its inception as a subsidiary of Umecrine AB.

Verily is an Alphabet health technology company focused on research, care, and health financing to deliver on the promise of precision health and help people live healthier lives. We are uniquely positioned at the intersection of technology, data science, and healthcare to create tools to accelerate evidence generation, products to enable more personalized care, and approaches to make costs more predictable. For more information about Verily please visit verily.com. The company was founded in 2015 and is based in San Francisco, California, United States.

Hillhurst Biopharmaceuticals specializes in developing innovative, liquid therapeutic gases for treating sickle cell disease. Their core technology enables the oral delivery of low-dose carbon monoxide, targeting the protective heme oxygenase system to reduce inflammation, prevent cell death, and halt hemoglobin polymerization. This approach addresses challenges associated with traditional inhaled gas therapies, such as caregiver exposure and imprecise dosing, ensuring accurate and safe administration.

Montara Therapeutics is a biotechnology company that focuses on developing a precision pharmacology platform aimed at creating innovative therapies for central nervous system diseases. By leveraging human genetics and machine learning, the company identifies and validates drug targets, which enhances the ability of medical professionals to deliver safe and effective treatments for patients suffering from neurological disorders. Montara Therapeutics' approach is designed to improve therapeutic outcomes and address unmet medical needs in the field of neurology.