The U.S. Department of Energy is a government agency established in 1977, located in Washington, D.C. Its primary mission is to ensure the security and prosperity of the nation by tackling energy, environmental, and nuclear challenges. The Department focuses on promoting transformative scientific and technological solutions to address these issues, thereby supporting the country's energy needs and environmental sustainability.

The National Science Foundation is an independent federal agency in the United States that funds and supports research and education in science and engineering. It funds fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering and administers non-dilutive funding programs to aid early‑stage technology development, helping translate discoveries into commercially viable products and services. Through grants and fellowships, the NSF supports researchers, educators, and startups, contributing to innovation and U.S. competitiveness. The agency operates with a substantial budget to advance science, engineering, and STEM education nationwide.

Shenzhen Capital Group Co., Ltd (SCGC) is a venture capital firm founded in 1999 by the Shenzhen Government. The company is dedicated to fostering national industries, developing national brands, and promoting economic transformation through investments in emerging sectors. SCGC primarily targets small to medium enterprises and innovative high-tech companies, focusing on those in various stages of growth, including startups and those undergoing transformation. Its investment portfolio spans industries that align with national policy support, such as information technology, internet services, new media, biopharmaceuticals, new energy, environmental protection, chemical engineering, and high-end equipment manufacturing. With a registered capital of 5.42 billion RMB and significant assets under management, SCGC has established itself as a leader in the venture capital landscape, having invested in numerous companies, many of which have achieved public listings across global capital markets.

EASME is a European Union executive agency that supports small and medium-sized enterprises and promotes innovation in Europe. It manages projects in the areas of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as the environment, energy, and maritime sectors, funded by COSME, LIFE, and EMFF. EASME organizes the European Sustainable Energy Week and serves industries such as environmental management, energy production, and maritime activities.

Established in 2020, the European Innovation Council supports innovative startups and researchers with promising ideas, focusing on early-stage companies with positive environmental, social, or governance impacts. It co-invests alongside private investors.

Founded in 1968, Intel designs, manufactures, and sells essential technologies for cloud, smart, and connected devices worldwide. Its product portfolio includes platform products like central processing units and chipsets, along with non-platform products such as accelerators, boards and systems, connectivity products, and memory and storage products. Intel serves original equipment manufacturers, original design manufacturers, and cloud service providers.

Addor Capital is a growth capital investment firm established in 2014 and located in Nanjing, China. The firm specializes in providing investment services by financing early-stage ventures and acquiring securities of various companies. Addor Capital focuses on a diverse range of sectors, including clean technology, health, new materials, advanced manufacturing, consumer services, cultural industries, and technology, media, and telecommunications. Its investment strategy encompasses seed-stage, early-stage, later-stage, and growth-stage companies, primarily within China.

Sunsino Venture Group is a venture capital firm based in Taipei, Taiwan, founded in 1994. The firm has invested in over 200 companies across Taiwan and the United States, focusing primarily on the healthcare, technology, and software sectors. With approximately US$150 million in assets under management, Sunsino Venture Group aims to support innovative companies that demonstrate growth potential in these industries.

Cowin Capital, established in 2000, is a Shenzhen-based private equity firm specializing in early-stage investments. With 18 years of experience, it focuses on supporting the growth of small and medium enterprises, primarily in the energy, communication, electronics, and environmental protection sectors. Cowin Capital takes a long-term approach, aiming to create value through strategic partnerships and operational support. It has successfully invested in over 300 companies, with 60 becoming publicly listed and 150 achieving successful exits. Notably, Cowin Capital was one of the first venture capital institutions to be listed on the New Third Board (NEEQ) in China.

The EIC Accelerator is a Horizon Europe funding program that provides assistance to start-ups and SMEs that have an innovative, game-changing product, service, or business model that has the potential to create new markets or disrupt existing ones, and have the ambition and commitment to scale up, are seeking substantial funding, but the risks involved are too high for private investors to invest alone

Massachusetts Capital Resource Company, founded in 1977 and based in Boston, Massachusetts, serves as a private investment firm focused on addressing the funding gap for growing companies. The company provides risk capital in the form of mezzanine financing, long-term debt, and equity investments, specifically targeting emerging growth and middle-market firms. Its primary sectors of interest include manufacturing, distribution, service, and technology. By offering tailored investment solutions, Massachusetts Capital complements the financing available from senior lenders and equity investors, thereby supporting the growth and acquisition needs of companies operating in Massachusetts.

Founded in 1995, SOSV is a global venture capital firm headquartered in New Jersey. It focuses on seed-to-growth stage investments in deep tech innovations, primarily in bio-tech/life sciences and hardware/robotics sectors, with a commitment to human and planetary health.

Established in 2005, Korea Venture Investment Corp is a government-backed institution under the Ministry of SMEs and Startups. Based in Seoul with additional offices in California, Shanghai, and Singapore, it invests globally in venture capital funds through its 'Korea Fund of Funds'.

The Scottish Investment Bank is a public body supporting economic growth in Scotland. It facilitates finance for small to medium-sized businesses, focusing on sectors such as renewable energy, technology, life sciences, and creative industries. The bank works closely with portfolio companies to strengthen management teams and accelerate growth.

Founded in 2007, Innovate UK is a non-profit organization based in Swindon, UK. It supports businesses across various economic sectors by offering funding services to promote science and technology innovations.

Established in 1984, Foresight Group is an independent investment manager specializing in infrastructure and private equity. With over £7.2 billion in assets under management, the company caters to institutional investors, family offices, high net worth individuals, and retail clients. Foresight's investment strategies emphasize environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors, aiming to create sustainable long-term value.

Oriza Holdings is an asset management firm based in Suzhou, China, founded in 2001. The company specializes in providing equity and debt financing solutions to companies at various stages of development, from seed to growth stages. Oriza Holdings operates through multiple investment arms, focusing on sectors such as industrial, healthcare, integrated circuits, and technology, media, and telecommunications (TMT). The company also has a professional platform for mergers and acquisitions, known as Oriza Prior, which integrates investment and industrial resources to enhance operational efficiency and maximize investment returns. With a commitment to fostering growth, Oriza Holdings plays a significant role in the Southeast Asian market.

Founded in 2013, CAS Star is a venture capital firm based in Xi'an with an additional office in Beijing. It invests in and supports early-stage companies across various high-tech industries including optoelectronics, AI, biotechnology, aerospace, smart manufacturing, information technology, energy, oncology, advanced manufacturing, SaaS, and space technology.

Xiaomi Corporation is an Internet company that provides hardware, software, and Internet services globally. It operates through segments including Smartphones, IoT and Lifestyle Products, and Internet Services. Xiaomi offers a wide range of products such as smartphones, smart TVs, laptops, AI speakers, smart routers, and various IoT devices. The company also provides advertising services and other internet value-added services.

HAX is a global venture capital-backed program dedicated to accelerating startups with a hardware element. Operating across San Francisco and Shenzhen, HAX focuses on rapid prototyping and iteration, helping teams refine their products, business plans, and launch strategies. The program culminates in market readiness support, including introductions to corporates, investors, partners, and press, as well as securing funding and gaining traction.

Bpifrance is a financial institution dedicated to supporting companies throughout their development stages, particularly those preparing for stock market listing and seeking credit equity. The organization provides a range of financial solutions, including financing, innovation assistance, and capital investment. By integrating various entities such as OSEO and CDC Entreprises, Bpifrance aims to deliver tailored financial support that addresses the specific needs of businesses. The institution is committed to fostering innovation and helping companies transition toward sustainable growth, ensuring they are well-equipped to face future challenges.

Founded in 2016, SDIC Venture Capital Co., Ltd. manages funds totaling RMB 14 billion, focusing on transforming scientific and technological achievements into market-driven innovations. It serves as a trusted partner for investors and entrepreneurs alike.

Ben Franklin Technology Partners of Southeastern Pennsylvania is a technology-focused capital provider based in Philadelphia, founded in 1982 to advance the region's technology community. The organization funds and supports technology companies across Pennsylvania, especially in information technology, health, and physical sciences, investing substantial capital in early-stage and established ventures. It has invested over 170 million dollars in more than 1,750 regional technology companies and has launched university-industry partnerships to translate scientific discoveries into commercial products, while seeding regional initiatives that strengthen the entrepreneurial ecosystem and create jobs.

Sequoia Capital Israel is a venture capital firm that backs startups and growth companies across seed to late-stage rounds, with a focus on Israel. It invests across sectors including fintech, financial services, internet, mobile, technology, and healthcare, spanning banking, payments, advertising, ecommerce, data, security, software, and related enabling tech. Typical commitments range from 100,000 to 1 million in seed, 1 to 10 million in early venture, and 10 to 100 million in growth rounds. The firm is based in Tel Aviv and operates as part of Sequoia Capital's global network.

Founded in 1999, Enhanced Capital Partners is a New York-based investment firm managing over $400 million. It specializes in equity and debt investments for small to mid-sized companies across various sectors, with a focus on healthcare technology systems and TMT industries.

F&G Venture was founded in September 2012 by a former rotating CEO of Huawei and a partner of Fidelity Asia. The firm concentrates on investing in companies that demonstrate rapid growth in information technology sectors, including IT infrastructure, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, software as a service, big data, microchip design, and semiconductors. It also targets high‑end manufacturing enterprises that produce modules, intelligent devices, equipment, robotics, and drones. Through its portfolio, F&G Venture seeks to support businesses that combine advanced technology with scalable business models.

Samsung Venture Investment Corporation is the corporate venture arm of Samsung Electronics, founded in 1999 and based in Seoul. It maintains a global presence with activity in innovation hubs such as the San Francisco Bay Area, Boston, London, Tel Aviv, Bangalore, Tokyo, and Beijing, and it backs emerging technology startups across Europe, Asia, and North America. The firm sources and invests in technology companies at multiple stages, from early-stage to pre-IPO, focusing on areas including semiconductors, materials, mobile services, internet, software, security, and enterprise solutions, as well as bioengineering and medical tech. Its investment approach targets companies developing AI, robotics, augmented and virtual reality, cybersecurity, 5G, next generation displays, battery technology, digital health, and insurtech, among others, to support shaping future technologies.

SDIC Innovation Investment Management Co., Ltd. is a private equity and venture capital arm of State Development & Investment Corp., Ltd. The firm seeks to invest mobile internet, internet of things, cloud computing, big data and information technology services, intelligent robots focusing on intelligent manufacturing industry chain, industrial robotics, electric vehicles, new energy vehicles, intelligent vehicles, high-end medical equipments and medication, high value consumables, in vitro diagnostic devices, modern agricultural equipments, high-end ships, marine engineering, rail transport equipments, new materials, clean energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, financial services, advanced manufacturing technology, industrial internet, technology, media and technology and healthcare sectors. For new energy vehicles, the firm seeks to focus on intelligent upstream and downstream industry chain, power batteries and power systems, and advanced technology supply chain. For advanced manufacturing, it prefers to focus on medicine and health. SDIC Innovation Investment Management Co., Ltd. was founded in July 2009 and is based in Beijing, China with an additional office in Asia.

Shenzhen CMAF Management Co., Ltd. is a private equity investment firm specializing in M&A. it seeks to invest in big health, internet application, artificial intelligence, new energy automobile, telecommunications, energy saving and environmental protection and advanced manufacturing sectors. Shenzhen CMAF Management Co., Ltd. was founded in 2013 and is based in Shenzhen, China.

Innovation Industries, established in 2017, is a Dutch venture capital firm that invests in early-stage, high-tech, med-tech, and agri-foodtech companies. Based in Amsterdam, the firm manages multiple funds, including Innovation Industries Fund I, II, and III, with a focus on the Netherlands market. They provide capital up to EUR 25 million, typically taking minority stakes. Innovation Industries is known for its hands-on approach, actively supporting portfolio companies to strengthen their value proposition, accelerate time-to-market, and forge global strategic partnerships. The firm aims to be more than just a financial investor, acting as a partner to entrepreneurs and other stakeholders, helping to create and grow ventures.

MassChallenge is a global startup accelerator supporting early-stage entrepreneurs across various industries. Founded in 2009, it provides mentorship, resources, and networking opportunities through its programs worldwide.

Walden International is a venture capital firm with a cross-border investment approach that leverages global markets and talent to grow technology companies. Founded in 1987 and headquartered in San Francisco, the firm maintains a global footprint including an office in Shanghai. It provides capital, relationships, and operating expertise to entrepreneurs, focusing on early and expansion-stage opportunities. The firm invests across information technology, Internet and digital media, software, semiconductors, and clean tech, and has backed companies in sectors such as AI, IoT, and SaaS. Its approach combines venture experience with hands-on operating know-how to help portfolio companies scale, often partnering with teams to access global markets and talent beyond geographic constraints. This cross-border orientation shapes its investments in regions including Asia, the United States, and other global markets.

Venture Kick is a Swiss initiative supporting early-stage startups with pre-seed funding and entrepreneurial training. It has awarded over CHF 24.9 million to 600 projects, creating 6,033 jobs and attracting subsequent investments worth CHF 2.49 billion.

Lockheed Martin Ventures, established in 2014, is a venture capital arm of Lockheed Martin Corporation. It focuses on investing in early-stage companies specializing in advanced technologies such as autonomous systems, cybersecurity, space technologies, and artificial intelligence.

Matrix Partners is a venture capital firm founded in 1977 and based in San Francisco that backs early-stage and Series A technology companies across sectors such as artificial intelligence, B2B software, consumer technology, fintech, health tech, infrastructure, and semiconductors. The firm emphasizes practical, founder-centered collaboration, often supporting concepts from idea stage through Series A and taking board seats to help portfolio companies scale. It operates globally, including Matrix Partners China, which focuses on long-term relationships with entrepreneurs in China and has a track record of IPOs and strategic exits. The team combines former founders and experienced investors to bring local execution and global perspective. Notable investments span across the technology landscape, reflecting a history of involvement with companies like FedEx, Apple, Oculus, Canva, Zendesk, HubSpot, Postmates, Fivetran, Sila, and GOAT, illustrating the firm’s ability to support companies from early development to scale.

Qiming Venture Partners is a China-based venture capital firm founded in 2006, with offices in Shanghai, Beijing, Suzhou, Hong Kong and Singapore, and a global arm through Qiming Venture Partners USA. It manages multiple funds and invests in early and growth-stage companies across technology, information technology, healthcare, new consumer sectors, AI, robotics, semiconductors, software and digital health. The firm emphasizes a hands-on approach, often taking board seats and providing operational guidance to help CEOs scale and reach exits. Through its investments, it has backed hundreds of companies and supported numerous IPOs and M&A outcomes, with unicorns among its portfolio, illustrating breadth and depth across China and international markets.

SZHTI Group is a company that provides asset management and financing services.

The U.S. Department of Commerce is dedicated to promoting job creation, economic growth, and improved living standards for Americans through collaboration with businesses, universities, and communities. The department's responsibilities encompass trade, technology, entrepreneurship, economic development, environmental stewardship, and statistical research. It aims to enhance the international economic position of the United States by facilitating global trade and expanding markets for U.S. goods and services. The department advocates for business policies that foster innovation and competitiveness, enabling companies to thrive domestically and abroad. Additionally, it manages the nation's resources to support environmental and economic health, while also safeguarding public safety and marine life through weather monitoring and resource preservation. Important functions include conducting the decennial census, which underpins American democracy and secures intellectual property rights. The department is led by the Secretary of Commerce and operates with a significant budget and a workforce of nearly 47,000 employees. Established in 1903, the U.S. Department of Commerce is headquartered in Washington, D.C.

IMM Investment Corp. is a private equity and venture capital firm specializing in mezzanine investments. It focuses on mergers and acquisitions, venture capital investing, corporate restructuring, private equity investing, industry consolidation, management buyouts, spin-offs, recapitalizations, and cross-border investments. Within mergers and acquisitions, the firm invests in strategic mergers, growth through acquisitions, going public via a reverse merger, and strategic divestures. For recapitalizations, it targets family owned enterprise considering whole or partial exit and balance sheet restructuring. The firm also co-invests in buyout transactions. For its growth stage investments, it allocates 20 percent to startups, 40 percent to expansion, and 40 percent to mezzanine. The firm targets companies operating in information technology infrastructure, wireless communications entertainment and contents, franchising, cement, software, electricity, food and beverage, machinery, game software, chemical, paper manufacture, and automobile parts industries. For industries concentration, it sets 40 percent to information technology infrastructure focusing on security, application service provider, and e-commerce solutions; 30 percent to contents, focusing on education, game, and animation; and 30 percent to digital hardware focusing on network and communications equipment, semiconductor, parts and others. The firm also invests in infrastructure, high-technology, 5G, Internet of things, mobile, commerce service, environment, manufacturing, enzyme, biotechnology, and healthcare sectors. The firm also makes secondary investments. It considers investments in companies with T5 or higher ratings by Tech Credit Bureau. The firm primarily invests in medium-sized companies located in South Korea, including Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Chungcheongbuk-do. It prefers to take an active role in management. IMM Investment Corp. was founded in July 1999 and is based in Seoul, South Korea.

Parkwalk Advisors is a London-based venture capital firm that focuses on UK technology companies with IP backing, primarily those spun out from UK universities. The firm invests across seed to growth stages, including late-stage rounds, and is stage-agnostic, aiming to support unlisted companies with freedom to operate. It concentrates on companies originating from university research, especially in Cambridge and across the UK, and targets sectors such as healthcare, energy, materials, technology, artificial intelligence, big data, life sciences, cleantech, medtech, quantum computing, and the apps ecosystem. Typical investments range from about £0.3 million to £10 million, with capital structures kept in a single share class, and the firm may provide equity or debt financings. Investments are generally planned over a three- to eight-year horizon.

Founded in 1986, Morningside Group is a venture capital firm based in the greater Boston area. It invests in companies with innovative science and technology across life sciences, digital health, AI, materials, and technology sectors.

IDG Capital is a Beijing-based venture and growth-stage investment firm that backs technology-enabled companies across global markets, with a strong emphasis on China and Asia. It invests across seed, early, later, and growth stages and pursues buyouts, with interests spanning information technology, software, consumer products and services, healthcare, energy, SaaS, mobile, TMT, and advanced manufacturing. The firm leverages a worldwide network of limited partners, including sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, institutional investors, and philanthropic and educational endowments, to support portfolio companies. With deep local market knowledge and extensive relationships with business leaders, IDG Capital combines global perspective with local execution to facilitate inbound and outbound opportunities in China and the broader Asian region.

Crowdcube Limited is an equity crowdfunding platform based in Exeter, United Kingdom, with an additional office in London. Founded in 2009, the company allows entrepreneurs of start-ups and growing businesses to raise funds from a diverse network of investors, including friends, family, and the general public. Through Crowdcube, individuals can invest in small companies in exchange for equity or an annual return, thereby democratizing access to investment opportunities that were once primarily available to corporate investors. Since pioneering equity crowdfunding in 2011, Crowdcube has facilitated over £300 million in investments from more than 390,000 investors, supporting over 520 successful fundraising campaigns. Notable businesses that have utilized the platform include Monzo, River Cottage, and the Eden Project, among others.

Founded in Shanghai, China in 2002, Pre-IPO Capital Partners is a direct investment firm focused on funding startups and small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the information technology, biomedical, and new energy sectors.

Northern Light Venture Capital is a China-focused venture capital firm founded in 2005 by Feng Deng and Yan Ke. It is led by a partnership of experienced local Chinese and returnee executives and is organized around multiple managing directors. The firm backs early and growth-stage opportunities in information technology, new media, TMT, clean technologies, consumer services, and healthcare, aiming to build exceptional, lasting enterprises that can participate in the global economy by leveraging China’s industrial strength and human resources. Its portfolio includes notable technology and consumer platforms such as Meituan and Kaixin001, among others.

Hua Capital Management Co., Ltd is a venture capital firm based in China that specializes in investments within the semiconductor industry and its related sectors. Founded by a team of experienced professionals from the semiconductor field, including members from Tsinghua Holdings and China Fortune-Tech Capital, the firm emphasizes a focused investment strategy that leverages deep industry expertise. Hua Capital's team comprises seasoned entrepreneurs and investment professionals, each possessing over 20 years of experience in semiconductor entrepreneurship, management, and investing. The firm engages in buyouts and invests across all stages of company development, aiming to enhance the value and synergy of its portfolio companies. By providing professional operations, management, and value-added services, Hua Capital seeks to position its investments as leaders in the semiconductor market.

IP Group is a London-based corporate firm that provides financial, strategic, and commercial expertise to clients internationally. Founded in 2001, the company focuses on creating value through the commercialisation of intellectual property derived from research-intensive institutions. It manages the end-to-end process of identifying viable IP, developing or partnering to build value, and establishing commercial arrangements that translate scientific advances into practical products and businesses. IP Group combines industry insight and financial experience to support science- and technology-based ventures, offering capital as well as strategic guidance to help companies grow and accelerate the impact of research. Its work spans clean technology, life sciences, and other deep technology sectors, with a track record of backing and developing ventures that aim to deliver tangible societal and economic outcomes.

European Investment Bank is the EU's long-term lending institution owned by its member states. It finances public and private sector projects across transportation, energy, telecommunications, health, education, water, housing, and other sectors in the European Union and beyond. The bank provides a range of financing tools including project loans, guarantees, debt and equity investments, and risk-sharing arrangements, as well as microfinance and venture capital funds. It also offers advisory services, infrastructure funding, and support for urban development, PPPs, and sustainable energy projects. Through infrastructure and environmental funds and partnerships with banks and intermediaries, it supports SMEs, innovation, and the transition to a low-carbon economy.

MassVentures is a venture capital firm based in Waltham, Massachusetts, established in 1978 as a quasi-public corporation by the Massachusetts Legislature. The firm focuses on providing seed and early-stage funding to high-growth startups, facilitating their transition from concept to commercialization. MassVentures invests primarily in sectors such as information technology, healthcare, cybersecurity, e-commerce, mobile, manufacturing, and robotics. With a governance structure that includes an independent Board of Directors and management by experienced venture capitalists, MassVentures leverages the state's entrepreneurial spirit and innovation centers to support the Massachusetts innovation economy. The firm also offers accelerator programs to further assist emerging companies in their growth journey.

Founded in 1930, AMETEK is a manufacturer of electronic instruments and electromechanical devices, operating over 40 autonomous businesses across research, aerospace, energy, medical, and manufacturing industries. It segments its business into two groups: Electronic Instruments Group (EIG) offering analytical, test, and measurement instruments; and Electromechanical Group (EMG) providing highly engineered components, interconnects, and specialty metals.