East Ventures is a venture capital firm founded in 2009 and based in Singapore, focused on early-stage technology companies across Southeast Asia, including Singapore and Indonesia. It operates as a platform offering multi-stage support from seed to growth and backs a broad range of sectors such as e-commerce, software, fintech, health tech, ed-tech, logistics, gaming, and climate tech. With a regional focus and extensive ecosystem involvement, East Ventures has backed more than 300 startups in Southeast Asia, establishing itself as a leading investor in the region.

Convergence Ventures is a venture capital firm that makes early-stage technology investments in Indonesia and the broader Southeast Asia region. The firm is led by experienced operators with a track record in Internet businesses in emerging markets and focuses on backing founders who can build durable, impactful companies. It leverages its partners' operating experience, networks, and resources to help companies grow, drawing on connections in media and related industries to support portfolio teams.

Alpha JWC Ventures is a Jakarta-headquartered venture capital firm founded in 2015 that focuses on seed to Series B investments in technology, financial services, and consumer goods across Indonesia and Vietnam, with activity across Southeast Asia. The firm pursues a value-adding, active portfolio management approach and seeks long-term investments in collaboration with institutional investors, strategic partners, and family offices in Asia, the United States, and Europe. It targets sectors including fintech, consumer technology, B2B and B2C services, media, healthcare, finance technology, and commercial services, aiming to support disruptive technologies in the region.

MDI Ventures is the corporate venture capital arm of Telkom Indonesia. It operates as an independent entity with its own funding processes and invests in startups across fintech, healthtech, edtech, agritech, cybersecurity, and other sectors within Southeast Asia, with a focus on Indonesia's digital economy. The firm seeks to create value through strategic collaborations with TelkomGroup, state-owned enterprises, and large corporations, leveraging Telkom's network to drive growth for portfolio companies. It partners with global accelerators and venture firms to bring proprietary technology from mature markets into local businesses and provides portfolio companies with access to operational support. MDI Ventures emphasizes responsible investing and social and environmental impact, and aims to strengthen regional digital innovation through international investments aimed at scaling innovative solutions.

Insignia Ventures Partners is a Singapore-based venture capital firm founded in 2017 that backs early-stage technology startups across Southeast Asia. It provides strategic guidance, in-house resources, and access to talent to help founders scale from seed to growth, supported by experienced professionals and institutional investors. The firm focuses on emerging technology companies across software, fintech, e-commerce, enterprise, and related tech-enabled sectors, aiming to build lasting impact for founders and the region.

Intudo Ventures is an Indonesia-focused independent venture capital firm based in Jakarta that concentrates on early-stage investments with an Indonesia-only, concentrated portfolio. It typically commits mid six figures to several million dollars per company to back startups across consumer, finance, healthcare and education sectors aligned with Indonesia's rapid private consumption growth and rising middle class. The firm provides hands-on support drawn from its team’s experience in founding and operating companies, venture investing, business development, human resources and capital raising, including interim roles such as chief strategy officer, head of HR and chief financial officer until a company reaches scale toward Series B and beyond. It also serves as an Indonesia-based platform for international investors, acting as a beachhead and collaborating with global partners to aid portfolio companies and ongoing digital transformation in Indonesia.

BEENEXT Capital Management is a Singapore-based venture capital firm founded in 2015 that backs early-stage technology startups. The firm concentrates on information technology, software-as-a-service, fintech, and other tech-enabled sectors, and it typically participates in seed and Series A rounds. It has a global focus with activity in the United States, Southeast Asia, Japan and India. BEENEXT supports founders through its operational experience, network, trust, and strategic guidance, aiming to create a platform of founders by the founders for the founders across the globe. The portfolio includes companies in AI, analytics, agritech, cloud infrastructure, e-commerce, and related technology-enabled businesses.

Gobi Partners is a Pan-Asian venture capital firm founded in 2002 and headquartered in Kuala Lumpur and Hong Kong. It backs entrepreneurs from early to growth stages and focuses on emerging and underserved markets across Asia, with a portfolio spanning software, TMT and related sectors. The firm manages assets over US$1.5 billion and operates from more than 15 locations including Bangkok, Beijing, Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Karachi, Kuala Lumpur, Lahore, Manila, Riyadh, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Singapore and Surabaya. Since inception it has raised multiple funds, invested in over 350 startups and nurtured 10 unicorns, reflecting a wide footprint across the region. Gobi Partners is a participant of the United Nations Global Compact, committing to principles on human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption to drive sustainable value for its portfolio companies.

Vertex Ventures is a global network of operator-investors that supports technology startups by pairing operating experience with access to capital, talent, partners and customers to help build globally scalable businesses. With activities across the United States, China, Israel, India and Southeast Asia, the firm provides hands-on support to portfolio companies, leveraging its ecosystem to help startups grow from early stages to global markets. The group emphasizes collaboration with founders and industry partners, active portfolio involvement, and a deep focus on software, data, security, healthcare and other technology sectors.

Skystar Capital is a venture capital firm based in Jakarta, Indonesia, focused on backing technology companies in Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia. It supports startups from seed to later stages by providing capital, strategic guidance, and access to a broad regional network. The firm concentrates on sectors such as media, telecommunications, financial services, healthcare, hospitality, education, and consumer products and services, among others. Skystar Capital emphasizes hands-on value creation through its expertise and networks to help founders scale, drive growth, and generate positive impact across its portfolio. The approach is opportunistic and founder-first, aiming to back ventures with strong fundamentals and ambitious visions in Southeast Asia.

Openspace Ventures is a Singapore-based venture capital firm focused on Southeast Asia. Founded in 2014, it backs technology startups across early-stage and growth stages, with an emphasis on Series A and B investments. The firm targets companies in consumer internet, enterprise software, fintech, cloud software, logistics, healthtech, edtech, cleantech and related tech-enabled sectors. It pursues opportunities across Southeast Asia from its regional offices, supporting founders with capital, strategic guidance and network access to regional and global investors. Openspace maintains a diversified investment platform with multiple funds and vehicles, including growth and crypto-focused initiatives, reflecting a broad, multi-stage approach to backing high-potential tech companies in the region. The portfolio spans Southeast Asia, aiming to help companies scale in a rapidly digitizing market.

Mandiri Capital Indonesia is the corporate venture capital arm of Bank Mandiri, the largest integrated financial services group in Indonesia. Based in Jakarta, it invests primarily in fintech startups across Indonesia and Southeast Asia, pursuing strategic opportunities that align with Bank Mandiri’s business. The firm facilitates partnerships between its portfolio companies and Bank Mandiri’s network of subsidiaries and business units, leveraging the group’s extensive assets, broad retail footprint, and international offices to help portfolio companies scale to regional and global markets.

Golden Gate Ventures is a Singapore-based venture capital firm founded in 2011 that backs seed- and early-stage to growth-capital startups in Southeast Asia and select markets in the United States. The firm focuses on internet and mobile businesses across sectors including e-commerce, payments, marketplaces, mobile applications, healthcare, education, and B2B SaaS, with interest in software, machine learning, and B2B platforms. It typically takes minority equity stakes and prioritizes companies with a launched product or established distribution partnerships. The group is headquartered in Singapore with offices in Indonesia and Vietnam, reflecting a regional focus on Southeast Asia.

BRI Ventures is the corporate venture capital arm of Bank BRI, headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia. The firm concentrates on growth and late-stage investments, primarily in fintech, with additional focus on retail, education, and healthcare. Backed by Bank BRI’s extensive financial sector network and expertise, BRI Ventures supports entrepreneurs to accelerate Indonesia’s financial inclusion and digital economy, aiming to become a leading regional venture capital player in financial technology.

Antler is a global venture capital firm based in Singapore that backs early-stage technology companies. It runs incubation programs and provides a global community of co-founders, access to talent, expert advisors, expansion support, and capital to help startups grow. The firm targets a broad range of sectors, including healthcare, finance, software, energy, consumer and B2B technologies, and operates through regional programs across Europe, the United States, the United Kingdom, Southeast Asia, India, Africa, and beyond.

Venturra Capital is a Jakarta-based venture capital firm focused on early-stage, technology-enabled companies in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. It backs founders building innovative internet businesses across sectors such as e-commerce, financial technology, marketplaces, healthcare, and education. The firm provides capital, operational empowerment, and market access to help high-growth startups scale, drawing on deep regional knowledge of the Southeast Asian digital ecosystem. Venturra aims to support entrepreneurs through hands-on support, leveraging networks and resources to accelerate growth and create impact across the region. The group also operates Venturra Discovery as its seed investment arm to identify and support early-stage opportunities.

GDP Venture is a venture builder and investor based in West Jakarta, Indonesia. Founded in 2010, the firm focuses on early and growth-stage opportunities in the Indonesian consumer internet sector, including commerce, media, entertainment, solutions, and product companies. It pursues investments in retail technology spanning e-commerce, e-payments, point-of-sale, and logistics, and also supports digital communities and consumer platforms with data-driven growth strategies. The company positions itself as a partner for building scalable businesses in Indonesia’s evolving digital economy.

Living Lab Ventures is a venture capital firm founded in 2022 and based in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia. It focuses on investing in early‑stage startups across Southeast Asia, with emphasis on digital transformation, and provides capital, strategic guidance, and access to an ecosystem to help entrepreneurs build scalable businesses and create value through technological innovation.

Genesia Ventures is a Tokyo-based venture capital firm that backs seed and early-stage startups in Japan and Southeast Asia. Founded in 2016, the firm pursues investments across a broad range of sectors, including software and IT, digital media, marketplace platforms, fintech, real estate technology, healthcare, manufacturing, robotics, space and drone technologies, and other digital-enabled businesses. It targets early-stage opportunities in Japan, Indonesia, Vietnam, Singapore and other regional markets, helping portfolio companies grow from inception toward scale.

Pegasus Tech Ventures is a Silicon Valley–based venture capital firm that backs emerging technology companies globally. The firm supports entrepreneurs in expanding to North America, Asia, and Europe and operates with a team of more than 100 professionals across seven countries. It invests across a broad technology spectrum, including artificial intelligence, internet of things, robotics, big data, fintech, healthcare, consumer electronics, automotive, enterprise solutions, gaming, systems integration, and hardware, seeking disruptive opportunities with capable management teams. By combining capital with a global network, Pegasus aims to help portfolio companies accelerate product development, market access, and strategic partnerships.

Global Founders Capital is a global venture capital firm and platform established by Rocket Internet, founded in 2013 and based in Berlin. It operates as a stage-agnostic investor that backs early-stage technology companies worldwide, working with exceptional founders across diverse sectors and providing support from the initial growth phase. The firm emphasizes global reach and seeks opportunities in software and technology sectors, aiming to help high-potential teams scale rapidly.

Prasetia Dwidharma is an Indonesian technology solutions and investment company founded in 2008. It delivers ICT solutions across four divisions—telecommunication infrastructure, ICT products and services, business process outsourcing, and early-stage investment—supporting clients with communications infrastructure and technology-enabled services. The firm also engages in venture investments, backing early-stage B2B technology startups in Southeast Asia and the United States since 2013.

CyberAgent Capital is the corporate venture capital arm of CyberAgent, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Founded in 2006, it pursues seed- and early-stage investments in technology companies across Asia-Pacific and the United States, with a focus on internet and information technology sectors. The firm maintains a regional footprint in Asia, including South Korea, China, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam, and provides strategic support to startups as they scale.

Monk's Hill Ventures, founded in 2014 by Peng T. Ong and Kuo-Yi Lim, is a Singapore-based venture capital firm that specializes in early-stage technology investments across Southeast Asia. The firm targets promising startups at the pre-Series A and Series A stages, focusing on sectors such as health tech, edtech, software, media, insurtech, e-commerce, fintech, and big data. Backed by global institutional investors and family offices, Monk's Hill Ventures emphasizes a first-principles approach to investment, breaking down ideas and business models to understand their fundamentals. The firm is characterized by its network of experienced entrepreneurs, operators, and advisors who provide valuable insights and guidance to founders. With a presence in key Southeast Asian markets including Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Thailand, Monk's Hill Ventures aims to support startups that leverage technology to improve lives across the region.

UOB Venture Management is the corporate venture capital arm of United Overseas Bank, based in Singapore with additional offices in Shanghai, Beijing and Jakarta. Established in 1992, it concentrates on growth-stage investments in Southeast Asia and Greater China, funding expansion in sectors such as energy, consumer goods and services, healthcare, environmental technology, industrials, and technology. It typically invests up to about USD 25 million per deal, aligning with the needs of private companies undergoing scale. The firm provides more than capital, offering strategic guidance, access to resources and networks to portfolio companies, and emphasizes sustainable and responsible investing by integrating ESG considerations into its operations.

AppWorks is a Taipei-based venture capital firm and startup accelerator that supports seed to early-stage technology companies across Taiwan and Southeast Asia. The organization provides seed funding through its accelerator and growth financing through its own funds, and operates AppWorks School to prepare engineers for tech careers. AppWorks focuses on sectors including artificial intelligence, machine learning, the internet of things, web3 and blockchain, while also backing fintech, consumer tech and logistics initiatives in the region.

Init 6 is a Jakarta-based early-stage venture capital firm that backs technology startups across cloud, fintech, B2B software, edtech, SaaS, social networks, consumer and cleantech sectors. The firm seeks technical founders who aim to solve meaningful problems and provides capital and support to early-stage ventures in Indonesia and nearby markets. It was founded in 2020 by Achmad Zaky and Nugroho Herucahyono, who previously left Bukalapak to establish the company.

Finch Capital is a European venture and growth capital firm that partners with ambitious entrepreneurs to build leading financial technology companies. Headquartered in Amsterdam with offices in London and Jakarta, the firm invests across Europe and Southeast Asia in fintech, insurtech, regtech, data analytics, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and related sectors, spanning seed to growth-stage opportunities. Finch Capital provides strategic support beyond capital, including go-to-market planning, hiring, and M&A advisory, backed by deep sector expertise across financial services, banking, and insurance. The firm often takes board seats to help portfolio companies scale internationally and leverages its international network to accelerate growth and leadership in its focused markets.

Grab is a Southeast Asia-based mobile technology platform functioning as a superapp that integrates ridesharing, food and grocery delivery, and financial services across eight countries. Founded in 2012 by Anthony Tan and Tan Hooi Ling and headquartered in Singapore, Grab connects drivers, merchants, and consumers through its platform, while operating Grab Financial Group to provide payments, lending, and insurance services. In 2024, core ride-sharing and food delivery activities accounted for the majority of revenue, with Singapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia together contributing more than 70% of revenue. The company pursues financial inclusion and entrepreneurship support across Southeast Asia, emphasizing innovation, safety, and sustainable growth.

Cento Ventures is a Singapore-based venture capital firm established in 2011 that specializes in Series A technology and digital investments across Southeast Asia, targeting companies in Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. With an additional office in Seoul, the firm backs early-stage digital businesses aiming to become regional leaders, typically committing around US$1 million at the outset and up to US$4 million over the life of each investment.

STRIVE is a venture capital firm focused on seed and early‑stage investments in internet and mobile sectors across Japan, Southeast Asia and India. It provides proactive, hands‑on support from launch to expansion and conducts a rigorous investment process to select high‑potential ventures. Originating as the venture capital arm of Gree, Inc., STRIVE invests in Internet and mobile services including apps for smart devices, B2B, e‑commerce, advertising technologies and social services, with activity mainly in Japan and Southeast Asia such as Indonesia and Singapore and in India. The firm operates from Tokyo with an office in Singapore, and typical checks range from tens of millions to a few hundred million yen depending on the region.

Vertex Ventures Southeast Asia & India is the corporate venture capital arm of Vertex Holdings, based in Singapore. It invests in high-growth technology startups across Southeast Asia and India, with a focus on Singapore, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and other emerging innovation hubs. The firm targets early-stage and growth opportunities in sectors including mobile internet, enterprise technology, fintech, consumer internet, consumer mobile, and healthcare, and collaborates with a global network of partners in the United States, China, and Israel to access international knowledge and co-investment opportunities. It operates offices in Singapore, Bengaluru, Jakarta, and Taiwan as part of Vertex Ventures.

Ascent Ventures Group is a venture capital firm based in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, formed through the merger of ARISE and Centauri Fund, focusing on early-stage investments in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, with interests across technology, financial services, and consumer sectors.

Discovery Nusantara Capital is a Jakarta-based venture capital firm founded in 2016 that makes early-stage technology investments in Indonesia and across Southeast Asia. It prioritizes internet startups and technology companies, with a noted emphasis on gaming ecosystems. The firm is led by partner Irene Umar and lead advisor Felix Zhang, who guide portfolio development and regional growth strategies. Discovery Nusantara Capital seeks to support dynamic startups in the region by providing strategic guidance and capital to scale technology, product development, and market reach.

January Capital is a venture capital firm based in Singapore, founded in 2012, that provides flexible, bespoke capital to ambitious founders in Asia Pacific. It focuses on software, e-commerce, digitization, internet, and technology companies.

Ideosource is a Jakarta-based venture capital firm that backs companies across Asia-Pacific, with a focus on Indonesia, from early-stage to later-stage. It targets sectors such as advertising, e-commerce, financial technology, gaming, internet infrastructure, online media, and the Internet of Things. The firm combines a bottom-up investment approach with a macro view of the economy and seeks startups solving local problems with potential for broader application. Ideosource emphasizes collaboration with entrepreneurs to drive business development, marketing, talent access, fundraising networks, and financial and accounting support. Since 2011, Ideosource has contributed to the growth of Indonesia’s internet ecosystem and supports founders who are innovative, execution-focused, and capable of rapid scale.

Centauri Fund is a venture capital firm formed by KB Investment and MDI Ventures with ties to TelkomGroup, operating across Southeast Asia and Korea. It focuses on early to growth-stage technology investments, typically targeting rounds from pre-Series A to Series B, with a preference for companies in fintech, digital health, education tech, transportation, e-commerce, and related sectors. The firm aims to empower founders by providing strategic capital and follow-on support through a cross-border network that connects Southeast Asia, South Korea, and Silicon Valley, including partnerships with Indonesian state-owned enterprises. Based in Singapore, Centauri Fund emphasizes quality investments, leveraging multi-stage funding to sustain portfolio growth and mitigate early-stage risks, while prioritizing ventures that expand access to essential services and drive income growth in the region.

Saison Capital is the corporate venture capital arm of Credit Saison, based in Singapore. It invests in seed to Series A companies across Southeast Asia and India, with a focus on financial technology, e-commerce, and web3. While its mandate is sector-agnostic, it tends to support founders building ecosystems that can distribute financial services to the unbanked.

Beenos Partners is a Tokyo-based venture capital firm and startup platform that provides incubation and funding across stages, focusing on information technology, online marketplaces, online payments, inbound tourism, entertainment, manufacturing, mobile, and enterprise software. Originating from NetPrice.com, Beenos Partners operates as the venture capital arm of BEENOS Inc and specializes in incubation, startup support, and investments from early to late stages. The firm maintains an in-house team of entrepreneurs-in-residence and specialists in engineering, design, data science, and business management to help founders launch and grow their ventures. It has invested in multiple regions, including the United States, India, Indonesia, Japan, and Turkey.

Sinar Mas Digital Ventures is the corporate venture capital arm of Sinar Mas, based in Jakarta, Indonesia, and it invests in technology companies primarily in Southeast Asia.

SOSV is a global venture capital firm headquartered in Princeton, New Jersey, focused on seed-to-growth investments in deep tech, life sciences, hardware and software, with a strong emphasis on human and planetary health. The company operates startup development programs such as HAX and IndieBio, offering facilities, labs, engineering resources, mentorship, and collaborative workspaces to help founders advance technology and accelerate fundraising. Beyond capital, SOSV provides hands-on support to accelerate product development, customer acquisition and scaling, connecting portfolio companies with a global network of partners and investors. Its ecosystem spans multiple regions and markets, including cross-border ventures in Asia, and it maintains a portfolio of startups that have progressed to subsequent funding rounds. In addition to direct investments, SOSV’s programs and resources are designed to help early-stage companies mature toward scalable, sustainable growth while fostering innovation across sectors that address health, climate, and technology challenges.

InvestIdea is a Jakarta-based venture capital firm and technology incubator founded in 2011. It provides seed and startup funding and mentorship to early-stage technology companies, aiming to accelerate web and mobile applications and technology-enabled ventures in sectors such as healthcare, education, fintech, e-commerce, and financial services, among others. The firm offers guidance and resources to help founders develop products, scale operations, and bring innovations to market in Indonesia's tech ecosystem.

Endeavor is a global non-profit organization and network that identifies, supports, and mentors high-impact entrepreneurs. Through a rigorous selection process, it connects founders with mentors, peers, and resources to scale their businesses and contribute to their communities. The network spans nearly 40 countries and supports more than 2,000 entrepreneurs, whose companies generate over 28 billion in combined revenues and have created more than 3.9 million jobs, reflecting Endeavor’s focus on fostering sustainable growth and entrepreneurship ecosystems around the world.

Provident Capital Partners is a private equity firm headquartered in Singapore with significant activity in Indonesia. It concentrates on Southeast Asia investments, focusing on telecommunications, infrastructure, mining, real estate, plantation, and biofuels. The firm uses a selective investment approach, committing substantial funds to opportunities where strong management capabilities have been developed within the group, and it tends to concentrate its activities in Indonesia.

Forge Ventures is an institutional seed venture capital firm based in Singapore that partners with ambitious founders to build the future of Southeast Asia. Founded in 2021, it focuses on early-stage investments across Southeast Asia, including Indonesia and Singapore, targeting consumer products, business products and services sectors.

Trihill Capital is a Singapore-based venture capital firm founded in 2018 that invests in early to growth-stage ventures in Southeast Asia as well as select global public equities. It operates across sectors including logistics, education, health and wellness, financial services, agriculture, consumer, media and entertainment, and software as a service, and maintains a robust regional network with enterprises and financial institutions to support portfolio growth. Its portfolio includes SiCepat, RuangGuru, BukuWarung, Fresh Factory, FIT HUB, wagely, Fundiin, and other technology and consumer companies.

AsianTrust Capital Partners is a growth equity firm founded in 2019 and based in Jakarta, Indonesia, with an operational presence in Singapore. It focuses on providing growth capital to startups and growth-stage companies across sectors including real estate and property, retail and services, sustainable energy, infrastructure and commodities, innovation and technology, and consumer goods (FMCG). The firm is led by experienced executives and supported by a network of senior advisors with backgrounds in financial institutions, complemented by specialists from various industries to help portfolio companies scale.

1982 Ventures is a venture capital firm headquartered in Singapore that focuses on early-stage investments in AI, enterprise software, and fintech. Founded in 2019, the firm backs founders building technology infrastructure to support Asia’s fast-growing markets, with activity in Southeast Asia. It draws backing from global institutions, multinationals, major family offices, and experienced venture investors, reflecting its emphasis on strategic partnerships and scalable fintech and insurtech solutions across the region.

Quona Capital is a venture capital firm focused on financial technology companies that promote financial inclusion in emerging markets. Founded in 2014, it backs startups developing innovative financial products and services beyond microcredit, including alternative lending, remittances, insurance, prepaid services, payments, and related software that expands access to banking and payments in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia (notably India and Southeast Asia), and Latin America. The firm invests across stages from seed to growth, typically in the range of one to ten million dollars, and supports ventures creating digital lending, SME lending, wealthtech, and adjacent sectors such as agriculture, health, education, commerce, and mobility finance. Quona maintains headquarters in Washington, DC, with additional offices in Bengaluru, Lima, Cape Town, and Mexico City, and it aims to scale inclusive financial services by leveraging technology to improve quality, access, and affordability for underserved consumers and businesses.

Lightspeed Venture Partners is a global venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California, with additional offices in Beijing, Shanghai, New Delhi, and Herzliya. Founded in 2000, the firm backs companies across seed, early, and growth stages, investing in software, enterprise technology, consumer internet, fintech, healthtech, and cleantech sectors. It provides equity and debt financing and seeks opportunities globally, including the United States, Asia, and Israel. Lightspeed partners with entrepreneurs to scale businesses from inception through expansion, supporting a broad range of sectors such as AI, mobile, e-commerce, data infrastructure, and security. The firm emphasizes long-term partnerships and hands-on involvement to help portfolio companies navigate growth and market dynamics.