The U.S. Department of Energy is a government agency established in 1977, located in Washington, D.C. Its primary mission is to ensure the security and prosperity of the nation by tackling energy, environmental, and nuclear challenges. The Department focuses on promoting transformative scientific and technological solutions to address these issues, thereby supporting the country's energy needs and environmental sustainability.

U.S. Global Investors is a boutique investment management firm specializing in actively managed equity and bond strategies, with expertise in gold and precious metals, natural resources, and emerging markets. Headquartered in San Antonio, Texas, the company manages a family of no-load mutual funds across various asset classes.

Agnico-Eagle Mines Limited is a Canada-based international gold producer with mining operations located in northwestern Quebec, northern Mexico, northern Finland, and Nunavut. The company also engages in exploration activities across Canada, Europe, Latin America, and the United States. Agnico-Eagle operates through four segments: Canada, Europe, Latin America, and Exploration. Its portfolio includes notable mines and projects such as the LaRonde, Lapa, Goldex, Kittila, Pinos Altos, La India, and Meadowbank mines. The company has expanded its interests in the mining sector through acquisitions, including stakes in Atac Resources Ltd., Sulliden Gold Corp Ltd., and Urastar Gold Corp.

Orion Resource Partners is a New York-based alternative investment manager that provides flexible capital solutions to mining and natural resource companies worldwide. The firm focuses on debt, structured equity, and production-linked financing, with capabilities in convertibles, offtake agreements, streaming, and royalty investments. It targets publicly traded mining entities in base and precious metals and uses a disciplined, risk-adjusted investment process. By offering tailored capital structures and active portfolio management, Orion supports growth and resilience in the metals sector across global markets.

Trafigura Group is a multinational commodity trading company established in 1993, specializing in the trading and distribution of a diverse array of commodities, including oil, metals, minerals, and agricultural products. As one of the world's largest commodity trading firms, Trafigura engages in multiple facets of the commodity supply chain, such as sourcing, transportation, storage, and distribution. The company operates on a global scale, maintaining a strong presence in key markets and regions. Trafigura's activities encompass the trading of physical commodities, financial derivatives, and other instruments aimed at managing price risk and optimizing supply chain operations. Additionally, the company owns and operates various industrial assets, including Nyrstar, a multi-metals producer, and Puma Energy, a fuel storage and distribution enterprise. It also engages in joint ventures with Impala Terminals, a logistics provider, and Nala Renewables, focused on power and renewable energy investments and developments.

The National Science Foundation is an independent federal agency in the United States that funds and supports research and education in science and engineering. It funds fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering and administers non-dilutive funding programs to aid early‑stage technology development, helping translate discoveries into commercially viable products and services. Through grants and fellowships, the NSF supports researchers, educators, and startups, contributing to innovation and U.S. competitiveness. The agency operates with a substantial budget to advance science, engineering, and STEM education nationwide.

BMO Capital Markets is a full-service financial services firm based in Toronto and part of BMO Financial Group. It provides investment banking and corporate banking services to corporate, institutional, and government clients, including equity and debt underwriting, corporate lending and project financing, mergers and acquisitions advisory, securitization, treasury and risk management, debt and equity research, and institutional sales and trading. The firm serves clients across sectors such as aerospace, food, chemicals, mining, healthcare, energy and power, and media and entertainment, delivering a broad range of products and services to support capital raising, financing, and advisory needs.

The Government of Canada provides a centralized online platform for accessing government information and services, ensuring accessibility via any internet-connected device. It offers insights into the government's operations, priorities, laws, finances, transparency initiatives, digital governance, and policies.

Crescat Capital is a global macro asset management firm.

Canaccord Genuity, established in 1950 and headquartered in Toronto, Canada, is an independent investment bank offering comprehensive financial services. The company provides a full suite of services, including market research, equity sales and trading, analysis, and financing, catering to a diverse range of industries such as blockchain, cannabis, gaming, and technology. Canaccord Genuity also offers wealth management services through its subsidiary, Canaccord Genuity Wealth Management, which provides tailored solutions to individual investors, private clients, charities, and intermediaries across Canada, Australia, the UK, and Europe. The company operates as a division of Canaccord Genuity Group and advises clients on debt, restructuring, capital markets, mergers and acquisitions, and financing transactions.

Haywood Securities is an investment banking and investment firm headquartered in Vancouver, Canada, founded in 1981. It provides investment banking, sales and trading, research, portfolio management, equity capital markets, and correspondent clearing services to institutional and retail clients, serving mining, oil and gas, infrastructure, technology, and related industries.

Founded in 1995, SOSV is a global venture capital firm headquartered in New Jersey. It focuses on seed-to-growth stage investments in deep tech innovations, primarily in bio-tech/life sciences and hardware/robotics sectors, with a commitment to human and planetary health.

Wheaton Precious Metals is the world's largest precious metal streaming company. It operates by securing agreements with mining companies to purchase silver and/or gold at a low fixed cost in exchange for an upfront payment. With operations across politically stable regions, Wheaton has created a business model that offers shareholders leverage to increases in precious metal prices, additional growth through new streams, dividend yields, and participation in exploration success. This model reduces capital and operating costs risks typically associated with traditional mining companies.

Export Development Canada is a government-owned export credit agency that supports Canadian companies in expanding internationally. Founded in 1944 and based in Ottawa, it provides financial solutions, insurance, trade knowledge, and connections to help exporters and their international buyers grow with confidence. The organization offers trade financing, export credit insurance, bond products, and secured loans to small and medium-sized businesses, as well as equity and venture capital investments. By offering these capabilities, EDC helps Canadian firms of all sizes pursue global opportunities and manage risks in cross-border trade.

Massachusetts Capital Resource Company, founded in 1977 and based in Boston, Massachusetts, serves as a private investment firm focused on addressing the funding gap for growing companies. The company provides risk capital in the form of mezzanine financing, long-term debt, and equity investments, specifically targeting emerging growth and middle-market firms. Its primary sectors of interest include manufacturing, distribution, service, and technology. By offering tailored investment solutions, Massachusetts Capital complements the financing available from senior lenders and equity investors, thereby supporting the growth and acquisition needs of companies operating in Massachusetts.

Osisko Gold Royalties is a North American-focused intermediate precious metal royalty company founded in 2014. It owns and manages a portfolio of royalties, streams, and precious metal offtake arrangements, with over 175 assets across North America. Its cornerstone asset is a 5% net smelter return royalty on the Canadian Malartic mine, Canada's largest gold mine.

Bergen Asset Management, LLC is a New York-based global asset management firm that specializes in equity investments in high-growth publicly traded and private companies, with a primary focus on markets outside the United States. The firm adopts a sector-agnostic approach, allowing it to explore a diverse range of industries. However, it particularly favors sectors that demonstrate the potential for above-market medium-term appreciation, reflecting its strategic investment philosophy.

Rio Tinto is a global mining company that discovers, mines, and processes mineral resources. It offers products such as iron ore, aluminum, copper, diamonds, gold, borates, titanium dioxide, and uranium, serving various industries including steelmaking, automotive, construction, and electronics.

Centerra Gold is a North American-based company engaged in gold mining, exploration, development, and acquisition of gold properties worldwide. Its primary focus is to build shareholder value by maximizing the potential of its current operations and leveraging its financial strength to acquire new long-life, low-cost projects.

Founded in 1999, Enhanced Capital Partners is a New York-based investment firm managing over $400 million. It specializes in equity and debt investments for small to mid-sized companies across various sectors, with a focus on healthcare technology systems and TMT industries.

EASME is a European Union executive agency that supports small and medium-sized enterprises and promotes innovation in Europe. It manages projects in the areas of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as the environment, energy, and maritime sectors, funded by COSME, LIFE, and EMFF. EASME organizes the European Sustainable Energy Week and serves industries such as environmental management, energy production, and maritime activities.

Teck is a leading diversified natural resource company based in Canada, founded in 1910. Over its more than 100 years of operation, Teck has focused on responsible mining and mineral development, contributing to community building, job creation, and sustainable innovation in the industry. The company primarily engages in base metals mining, with significant copper and zinc operations in Canada, the United States, Chile, and Peru. Following the divestment from its metallurgical coal and oil sands businesses, copper has become Teck's major commodity, significantly bolstered by the Quebrada Blanca 2 project in Chile, which is expected to increase copper production by approximately 75%. Teck is recognized as one of the top three zinc miners globally and is actively working to rebalance its portfolio towards low-carbon metals, primarily copper, to align with evolving market demands.

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development finances projects and provides advisory services to the public and private sectors. It supports new ventures and expansion in existing companies through project financing, loans, and equity or quasi-equity investments, including equity funds and guarantees, and it partners with private entities to invest across sectors such as banking, energy, manufacturing, infrastructure, information technology, and services. The bank also helps publicly owned entities privatize and restructure municipal services and engages in policy reform dialogue and advisory services, along with trade finance and loan syndication. Founded in 1990 and headquartered in London, it operates across regions including Southeastern and Central Europe, the Baltic States, Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, Central Asia, and parts of the Middle East and Africa, aiming to foster market-oriented change and private sector development by mobilizing capital for sustainable investments. It has invested more than €130 billion in over 5,200 projects.

BHP Group is a multinational mining company headquartered in Melbourne, Australia. It is one of the world's largest mining companies, primarily producing iron ore and copper. Originally formed through the merger of Australian Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited (BHP) and Anglo-Dutch Billiton plc in 2001, BHP Group operates as a dual-listed company on the Australian Securities Exchange and London Stock Exchange.

Beedie is an owner and developer of industrial, commercial and residential real estate.

Raymond James Financial is a U.S.-based financial services company headquartered in Saint Petersburg, Florida, founded in 1962. It provides investment banking and wealth management services to individuals, corporations, and municipalities, including mergers and acquisitions advisory, public offerings, debt origination, and restructuring across sectors such as technology, energy, healthcare, financial services, and more. Its wealth management arm offers financial planning, insurance and investments. The firm operates through specialized groups such as Raymond James & Associates for wealth management and Raymond James Technology and Communications Investment Banking Group for tech and telecom advisory, leveraging in-house research to deliver independent advice and long-term value for clients at all stages.

Founded in 1832, Scotiabank is a global financial services leader offering personal and business banking, brokerage, insurance, private wealth management, and commercial, corporate, and institutional services. With over 86,000 employees serving more than 21 million customers in over 55 countries, the bank is committed to helping individuals, companies, and communities thrive by delivering practical advice and relevant solutions.

Sidex is a government investment firm based in Montreal, Canada, founded in 2001. The company specializes in investing in businesses engaged in mineral exploration throughout the state. By focusing on this sector, Sidex aims to support and promote the development of mineral resources, contributing to the growth and sustainability of the industry.

Zijin Mining Group specializes in the exploration and mining of mineral resources, primarily gold, copper, and zinc. With a strong focus on innovation, it operates one of China's largest metal mineral resource bases and has consistently ranked among the industry's most profitable companies.

GMP Securities L.P., founded in 1995 as Griffiths McBurney & Partners, operates as an independent investment dealer based in Toronto, Canada. The firm specializes in providing advisory services related to public underwritings, private placements, mergers and acquisitions, and debt and divestiture transactions. GMP Securities also offers institutional sales, trading, and research services to corporate clients and institutional investors, with a strong presence in sectors such as mining, financial services, real estate, technology, blockchain, and healthcare. GMP Securities has maintained a significant position in the market, finishing sixth in market share on the Toronto Stock Exchange at its inception. The firm also has affiliates that cater to high net worth clients and private equity investments. In 2019, GMP Securities was acquired by Stifel Financial, further expanding its reach and capabilities in the investment banking landscape.

Toyota Tsusho is a Japanese trading company that engages in diverse business activities. It operates through segments such as Metal Plus (steel processing and sales), Mobility (automotive components and secondhand cars), Chemical and Electronics (semiconductors, electronics, chemicals), Global Parts and Logistics (warehousing and logistics services), and Machinery, Energy and Plant Project (industrial machinery and petroleum products).

Founded in 2006, Pala Investments is a private equity firm based in Zug, Switzerland. It focuses exclusively on the mining sector, backed by a team of accomplished professionals with a proven track record.

AngloGold Ashanti Limited is a global gold mining company headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa. Established in 1944, it operates 14 mines and three projects across nine countries, primarily in South Africa, Continental Africa, the Americas, and Australia. The company focuses on the production of gold, silver, uranium, and sulphuric acid, with a significant portion of its revenue derived from its operations in Africa, including notable mines such as Kibali, Iduapriem, Obuasi, Siguiri, and Geita. Committed to responsible mining practices and sustainability, AngloGold Ashanti seeks to create long-term value for its stakeholders through ethical business practices and strong governance.

Fonds de solidarité FTQ is a private equity and venture capital firm based in Montreal, Canada, with additional offices in Quebec. Established in 1983, the firm specializes in investing in small and medium-sized businesses across various sectors, including natural resources, aerospace, agri-food, life sciences, and culture. It primarily focuses on projects that require funding of $3 million or more and provides loans up to $2 million. The firm actively seeks investment opportunities in Quebec, particularly in regions such as Abitibi-Témiscamingue and Montérégie. Fonds de solidarité FTQ invests in a range of activities, including business succession, financial restructuring, and market development, while avoiding sectors like retail, real estate, and biotechnology. It typically engages in equity financing and unsecured debt with investment horizons ranging from five to ten years. The firm aims to support projects that positively impact the Quebec economy and often takes either minority or majority stakes in its portfolio companies.

Nucor Corporation is a prominent manufacturer and seller of steel and steel products, operating primarily through two business segments: steel mills and steel products. The steel mills segment produces a wide range of hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel products, including angles, rounds, flats, channels, sheets, wide-flange beams, pilings, billets, blooms, beam blanks, and plates. The steel products segment offers various items such as steel joists and joist girders, steel deck, cold finished steel, steel fasteners, metal building systems, and light gauge steel framing. Nucor has expanded its operations through strategic acquisitions, including the purchase of SHV North America Corporation and Metal Recycling Services Inc., enhancing its capabilities in steel manufacturing and recycling.

Apollo is a global investment management firm specializing in private equity, credit-oriented capital markets, and real estate investments.

Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation is a Japanese multinational banking and financial services company that provides a comprehensive array of financial services primarily focused on banking. Its operations encompass leasing, securities, credit card services, investment, mortgage securitization, venture capital, and various credit-related businesses. As a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, the bank has established a significant presence in the financial sector, being recognized as the second largest bank in Japan by assets as of 2009. Through its diverse offerings, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation serves a wide range of clients, contributing to its strong standing in the banking industry.

Founded in Japan, Mitsui & Co. is a global general trading company with diverse business areas including energy, machinery, chemicals, food, textile, logistics, finance, and more. It engages in procurement, supply, sales, investment, and project development across various industries worldwide.

ArcelorMittal is a global leader in steel production and mining, serving diverse industries such as automotive, construction, household appliances, and packaging. The company is committed to developing technologies that reduce the carbon footprint of steel.

Desjardins Capital is the private equity and venture capital arm of Mouvement des caisses Desjardins, based in Quebec, Canada. It provides growth capital, mezzanine, and select debt financing to early-stage through mature companies across industrial, manufacturing, technology, and service sectors, with emphasis on health care, life sciences, and biotechnology. The firm also supports cooperatives, including worker-owned and housing cooperatives, and network cooperatives, financing development, acquisitions, expansions, and succession plans. It primarily invests in Quebec and surrounding regions, and can finance growth, acquisitions, management buyouts, and modernization. Investments may be equity or debt, including unsecured loans, with instruments ranging from senior debt to equity, and tenures typically five to eight years for equity and three to five years for debt. The firm often takes minority stakes with board participation. It does not invest in natural resource exploration or financial services. Desjardins Capital traces its roots to 1974 and operates within the Desjardins Group.

Founded in France in 1864, Societe Generale is a global financial services company with a significant presence in the UK since 1871. It offers a wide range of services including corporate and investment banking, private banking, asset management, prime brokerage, clearing services, and vehicle financing. With around 4,300 employees across the UK, Societe Generale is committed to its community through various corporate social responsibility initiatives.

JSW Steel is a prominent Indian company engaged in the manufacturing and distribution of steel products. Its portfolio includes semi-finished, hot-rolled, cold-rolled, galvanized, color-coated steel, and long products, catering to diverse industries such as automotive, construction, infrastructure, engineering, and consumer durables.

Resource Capital Funds is a Denver-based private equity firm founded in 1998 that specializes in metals, minerals and mining investments. It partners with companies to build durable, sustainable businesses and to generate superior returns for stakeholders. The firm manages multiple funds focused on metals, minerals and mining, with a global investment footprint across North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Oceania. It is registered as an investment adviser and seeks to create value through strategic and operational improvements across the metals and mining value chain.

Founded in 2015, FJ Labs is a New York-based venture capital firm focusing on stage-agnostic investments in marketplaces and consumer-facing startups. Their investment range varies from $50,000 to $5,000,000, typically at seed or series A stages.

Nordic Investment Bank is an international financial institution headquartered in Helsinki, Finland. It provides sustainable, long-term financing to public and private sector clients on market terms, offering loans and guarantees for energy, environment, transport, infrastructure, telecom, and related projects. Owned by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway and Sweden, the bank funds its lending through international capital markets. It serves governments, municipalities, large and mid-cap companies, financial institutions, and small and medium enterprises in member and non-member countries, and may support on-lending through financial intermediaries. Its projects emphasize competitiveness and sustainability in the Nordic-Baltic region.

GE Equity invests globally across various sectors, focusing on established companies with high growth potential. It takes minority ownership positions and offers growth capital, buy-out co-investments, secondary direct purchases, recapitalizations, and LP investments.

Merian Global Investors is an independent asset management firm based in London, England, established in June 2018 following the acquisition of the single-strategy investment capabilities of Old Mutual Global Investors by its management team and TA Associates. The firm focuses on building a specialized asset management business, emphasizing the value of active investment management tailored to clients' expectations. Merian aims to attract and retain skilled investment professionals who are experts in their respective fields, providing them with the necessary operational, risk management, and distribution support to excel. This approach allows investment professionals the freedom to make decisions without the constraints of a centralized investment view.

Tembo Capital is a London-based private equity firm focused on mining and natural-resource investments in emerging markets. It targets buyout opportunities and investments in both private and public mining companies, often seeking influential or majority stakes and offering opportunities for co-investment. The firm backs projects actively developing assets by increasing resources, ore reserves, or production, aiming to build a diversified portfolio of roughly 10 to 15 investments. Typical per-transaction commitments range from five to thirty million USD. Its geographic reach includes Africa, Australia, Canada, South America, the United States, and the United Kingdom, reflecting a focus on developing and resource-rich jurisdictions.

Ryerson is a leading distributor and processor of industrial metals, headquartered in Chicago, with operations across the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The company also has processing and distribution activities in China, catering to a diverse customer base that includes local fabricators, machine shops, and large international manufacturers. Ryerson offers a comprehensive range of products, including stainless steel, aluminum, carbon steel, and alloy steels, as well as a limited selection of nickel and red metals in various shapes and forms. With its extensive processing and fabricating capabilities, broad geographic reach, and commitment to superior service, Ryerson is well-positioned to meet the evolving needs of its customers in the metals industry.

General Motors is a multinational automobile manufacturer based in Detroit. It designs, manufactures, and sells cars and trucks in regions including the United States, China, Brazil, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Italy, offering a broad lineup of sedans, crossovers, SUVs, pickups, sports cars, and hybrids, along with parts, accessories, and in-vehicle safety and information services. The company provides used vehicles and distributes its products through a network of dealers and distributors. It operates through North America, International, and Financing segments and maintains a broad brand portfolio, supported by GM Financial for customer financing. General Motors has a history of major restructuring following the 2009 bankruptcy and government involvement, including a 2010 initial public offering, and continues to pursue mobility and propulsion technology development. Headquartered in Detroit, GM is among the world’s largest automakers by vehicle unit sales.