The U.S. Department of Energy is a government agency established in 1977, located in Washington, D.C. Its primary mission is to ensure the security and prosperity of the nation by tackling energy, environmental, and nuclear challenges. The Department focuses on promoting transformative scientific and technological solutions to address these issues, thereby supporting the country's energy needs and environmental sustainability.

Crescat Capital is a global macro asset management firm.

Orion Resource Partners, established in 2004 and headquartered in New York, is an asset management firm specializing in the mining and natural resource sectors. With $2.6 billion under management, Orion offers flexible capital solutions, including debt, equity, and production-linked financing, to both public and private mining companies. The firm's experienced team structures investments such as debt, equity, convertibles, offtake, streaming, and royalty agreements, employing a disciplined, risk-adjusted investment process. Orion operates globally, providing tailored financing solutions to base and precious metals companies.

Trafigura Group is a multinational commodity trading company established in 1993, specializing in the trading and distribution of a diverse array of commodities, including oil, metals, minerals, and agricultural products. As one of the world's largest commodity trading firms, Trafigura engages in multiple facets of the commodity supply chain, such as sourcing, transportation, storage, and distribution. The company operates on a global scale, maintaining a strong presence in key markets and regions. Trafigura's activities encompass the trading of physical commodities, financial derivatives, and other instruments aimed at managing price risk and optimizing supply chain operations. Additionally, the company owns and operates various industrial assets, including Nyrstar, a multi-metals producer, and Puma Energy, a fuel storage and distribution enterprise. It also engages in joint ventures with Impala Terminals, a logistics provider, and Nala Renewables, focused on power and renewable energy investments and developments.

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency established in 1950 and based in Alexandria, Virginia. It is dedicated to supporting research and education in science and engineering across a wide range of disciplines. The NSF provides significant non-dilutive funding, up to $1.5 million, to startups and small businesses through its America's Seed Fund initiative, which is part of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program mandated by Congress. With an operating budget of approximately $7.8 billion, the NSF is committed to advancing fundamental research and education, thus fostering innovation and technological development in the United States.

BMO Capital Markets is a comprehensive financial services provider based in Toronto, Canada, and is a part of BMO Financial Group. Established in 1988, the firm offers a diverse range of investment and corporate banking services to corporate, institutional, and government clients. Its offerings include equity and debt underwriting, corporate lending, project financing, mergers and acquisitions advisory, securitization, treasury management, market risk management, and both debt and equity research. Additionally, BMO Capital Markets specializes in institutional sales and trading, serving various sectors such as aerospace, food, chemicals, mining, healthcare, energy and power, and media and entertainment. The firm is recognized for its extensive expertise and commitment to delivering tailored financial solutions.

Centerra Gold is a North American gold mining and exploration company involved in the operation, exploration, development, and acquisition of gold properties across Asia, Canada, and other global markets. The company aims to enhance shareholder value by establishing annual gold production of 1.5 million ounces. Its operations are organized into segments based on geographic location and products. Key projects include the Kumtor Gold Project in the Kyrgyz Republic, the Oksut Project in Turkey, and the Mount Milligan Mine in North America. Additionally, Centerra manages a molybdenum segment that operates the Langeloth processing facility and oversees care and maintenance activities. Through its strategic approach, Centerra seeks to maximize the potential of its current assets while pursuing long-life, low-cost projects to bolster its portfolio.

Export Development Canada (EDC), established in 1944, is a Canadian Crown corporation headquartered in Ottawa. It assists businesses of all sizes, from small enterprises to large corporations, in expanding their global reach. EDC offers a range of services, including trade knowledge, financial solutions, equity investments, insurance, and connections, to help Canadian companies grow their business internationally with confidence.

SOSV, established in 1995 and headquartered in Princeton, New Jersey, is a global venture capital firm specializing in early-stage investments. It focuses on deep tech innovations in the health and environmental sectors, supporting founders with breakthrough technologies through its HAX and IndieBio startup development programs. SOSV provides resources, facilities, and lab equipment to accelerate product development and scale, with a track record of helping its portfolio companies secure subsequent funding rounds led by top-tier investors.

Haywood Securities is an investment banking firm established in 1981 and headquartered in Vancouver, Canada. The company specializes in a range of financial services, including investment banking, sales, trading, research, portfolio management, equity capital markets, and correspondent clearing. Haywood Securities primarily serves institutional and retail markets, focusing on sectors such as mining, oil, gas, infrastructure, and technology. With a commitment to delivering comprehensive investment solutions, the firm operates within a diverse array of industries, positioning itself as a significant player in the Canadian financial landscape.

Canaccord Genuity, established in 1950 and headquartered in Toronto, Canada, is an independent investment bank offering comprehensive financial services. The company provides a full suite of services, including market research, equity sales and trading, analysis, and financing, catering to a diverse range of industries such as blockchain, cannabis, gaming, and technology. Canaccord Genuity also offers wealth management services through its subsidiary, Canaccord Genuity Wealth Management, which provides tailored solutions to individual investors, private clients, charities, and intermediaries across Canada, Australia, the UK, and Europe. The company operates as a division of Canaccord Genuity Group and advises clients on debt, restructuring, capital markets, mergers and acquisitions, and financing transactions.

Rio Tinto, established in 1873, is a global mining company headquartered in London, UK. It specializes in the discovery, mining, and processing of a wide array of mineral resources, including aluminum, copper, diamonds, gold, iron ore, and titanium dioxide. The company's operations span from bauxite mining and alumina refining to primary aluminum smelting and the production of various other minerals and metals. Rio Tinto's products are integral to numerous industries, such as construction, manufacturing, and technology, contributing to the creation of everyday items like steel, aluminum, and copper-based products.

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is a multilateral development finance institution established in 1990. Headquartered in London, it operates primarily in Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean. The EBRD provides a range of financial products and services, including loans, equity investments, and guarantees, to support private sector development and promote sustainable growth. It serves various sectors such as agribusiness, energy, finance, and infrastructure, and also offers policy dialogue and advisory services. The EBRD has invested over €130 billion in more than 5,200 projects since its inception, playing a significant role in fostering change and economic development in its regions of operation.

Scotiabank, established in 1832, is a global financial services leader headquartered in Toronto, Canada. It offers a wide array of products and services, including personal and business banking, wealth management, corporate and investment banking, and insurance. With over 86,000 employees, Scotiabank serves more than 21 million customers in over 55 countries, helping them thrive through practical advice and relevant solutions. Its commitment to understanding customers' needs and managing risk has driven its growth and success for nearly two centuries.

EASME is a European Union executive agency that supports small and medium-sized enterprises and promotes innovation in Europe. It manages projects in the areas of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as the environment, energy, and maritime sectors, funded by COSME, LIFE, and EMFF. EASME organizes the European Sustainable Energy Week and serves industries such as environmental management, energy production, and maritime activities.

Osisko Gold Royalties is a North American-focused intermediate precious metal royalty company that commenced operations in June 2014. The company specializes in acquiring and managing a diverse portfolio of over 175 royalties, streams, and precious metal offtakes, primarily centered in North America. Its flagship asset is a 5% net smelter return royalty on the Canadian Malartic mine, the largest gold mine in Canada. In addition to its royalty and stream interests, Osisko engages in the exploration, evaluation, and development of mining projects, contributing to its growth and diversification. The majority of its income is derived from North American operations, reflecting its strategic focus on the region's mining potential.

Wheaton Precious Metals Corp is a leading precious metal streaming company that specializes in purchasing silver, gold, and cobalt through long-term agreements with various mining companies. The company has secured streaming agreements for approximately 19 operating mines and 9 development-stage projects, including notable assets such as Vale's Salobo mine and Glencore's Antamina mine. Wheaton provides investors with significant advantages by offering fixed purchase costs and capital cost certainty, which minimizes the risks typically associated with traditional mining operations. This model allows shareholders to benefit from margin growth when precious metal prices rise, while also providing exposure to exploration successes. With an experienced management team and a portfolio of high-quality assets, Wheaton Precious Metals is well-positioned for sustained growth in the precious metals market.

Teck is a leading diversified natural resource company based in Canada, founded in 1910. Over its more than 100 years of operation, Teck has focused on responsible mining and mineral development, contributing to community building, job creation, and sustainable innovation in the industry. The company primarily engages in base metals mining, with significant copper and zinc operations in Canada, the United States, Chile, and Peru. Following the divestment from its metallurgical coal and oil sands businesses, copper has become Teck's major commodity, significantly bolstered by the Quebrada Blanca 2 project in Chile, which is expected to increase copper production by approximately 75%. Teck is recognized as one of the top three zinc miners globally and is actively working to rebalance its portfolio towards low-carbon metals, primarily copper, to align with evolving market demands.

Zijin Mining Group Company Limited is a prominent player in the exploration, mining, and sale of mineral resources, primarily focusing on gold, copper, zinc, tungsten, lead, and iron. With a significant footprint in China and international markets, the company produces various products, including gold bullion, copper cathodes, zinc bullion, and molybdenum. Established in 1986 and headquartered in Longyan, China, Zijin Mining Group has developed extensive mining and exploration rights, covering substantial land areas. It has garnered a reputation for profitability and innovation in the mining sector, leveraging advanced research and development platforms to enhance its operational efficiency and environmental protection. The company places a strong emphasis on education and collaboration, exemplified by its partnership with Fuzhou University to establish Zijin Mining College, which aims to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical applications for future professionals in the industry.

Beedie Capital, founded in 1954 and based in Vancouver, Canada, is a prominent owner and developer of industrial, commercial, and residential real estate. The company operates as a multi-strategy direct investment platform specializing in alternative investments and assets. With a flexible structure, Beedie Capital engages in a variety of investment formats including buyouts, senior debt, and growth capital, primarily targeting investments between $10 million and $50 million in both public and private companies. While open to opportunities across various sectors, the firm has a core focus on technology, tech-enabled services, as well as metals and mining. Beedie Capital positions itself as a strategic partner, actively collaborating with management teams and stakeholders to foster growth and enhance the value of its investments.

Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation is a Japanese multinational banking and financial services company that provides a comprehensive array of financial services primarily focused on banking. Its operations encompass leasing, securities, credit card services, investment, mortgage securitization, venture capital, and various credit-related businesses. As a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, the bank has established a significant presence in the financial sector, being recognized as the second largest bank in Japan by assets as of 2009. Through its diverse offerings, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation serves a wide range of clients, contributing to its strong standing in the banking industry.

Massachusetts Capital Resource Company, founded in 1977 and based in Boston, Massachusetts, serves as a private investment firm focused on addressing the funding gap for growing companies. The company provides risk capital in the form of mezzanine financing, long-term debt, and equity investments, specifically targeting emerging growth and middle-market firms. Its primary sectors of interest include manufacturing, distribution, service, and technology. By offering tailored investment solutions, Massachusetts Capital complements the financing available from senior lenders and equity investors, thereby supporting the growth and acquisition needs of companies operating in Massachusetts.

Societe Generale is a prominent financial services organization founded in 1864 and headquartered in Paris, France. With a strong international presence, particularly in the UK since 1871, it offers a wide range of services including retail, corporate, and investment banking. The firm specializes in areas such as capital markets, securities, underwriting, mergers and acquisitions, derivatives, trading, as well as clearing, settlement, and custodial services. Societe Generale serves a diverse clientele across various sectors, including financial institutions, energy, utilities, telecommunications, and aerospace. The company prioritizes innovation in its offerings to empower clients in both their personal and professional endeavors, while also actively engaging in community support initiatives through its corporate social responsibility programs. Employing approximately 4,300 individuals in the UK, Societe Generale is committed to fostering strong relationships with corporate entities, investors, and government organizations to enhance its service delivery.

Bergen Asset Management, LLC is a New York-based global asset management firm that specializes in equity investments in high-growth publicly traded and private companies, with a primary focus on markets outside the United States. The firm adopts a sector-agnostic approach, allowing it to explore a diverse range of industries. However, it particularly favors sectors that demonstrate the potential for above-market medium-term appreciation, reflecting its strategic investment philosophy.

Raymond James, established in 1962, is a comprehensive financial services firm headquartered in Saint Petersburg, Florida. It offers a broad range of services, including wealth management solutions such as financial planning, insurance, and investments, as well as investment banking services. The firm's investment banking division specializes in sectors like technology, communications, and healthcare, providing M&A advisory, public offerings, and debt origination services. Raymond James is known for its client-centric approach, leveraging industry expertise and a dedicated research department to deliver tailored, long-term solutions.

Toyota Tsusho Corporation is a comprehensive trading company with six major divisions, each specializing in distinct sectors. The Metal division focuses on processing and distributing a variety of steel products. The Global Parts and Logistics division offers warehousing and logistics services to support supply chain operations. The Automobile division engages in selling auto components and the import and export of used vehicles and their parts. The Machinery, Energy and Plant Project division supplies mechanical equipment, industrial machinery, and petroleum products. The Chemical and Electronics division provides a range of products, including semiconductors, electronic devices, software, chemicals, and resins. Additionally, the Food and Customer Services division is involved in food manufacturing and related services. Through these diverse operations, Toyota Tsusho plays a pivotal role in various industries, facilitating trade and enhancing supply chain efficiency.

Santander UK, a subsidiary of Banco Santander, is a major financial institution providing a wide range of banking services in the United Kingdom and internationally. It operates through three primary segments: Retail Banking, Corporate & Commercial Banking, and Corporate & Investment Banking. The Retail Banking segment serves individuals and small businesses, offering products such as mortgages, current accounts, savings and investment products, credit cards, personal loans, and insurance. The Corporate & Commercial Banking segment caters to small and medium-sized enterprises, mid corporates, and commercial real estate customers, providing loans, bank accounts, treasury services, invoice discounting, trade finance, and asset finance. The Corporate & Investment Banking segment serves large corporates and financial institutions, offering loans, bank accounts, treasury services, and various financial markets activities. Santander UK is known for its customer-focused approach, providing dedicated Relationship Directors for business clients and striving to make banking straightforward and tailored to individual needs.

BHP is a multinational mining company headquartered in Melbourne, Australia. It is the world's largest mining company, primarily producing iron ore and copper. Following the 2001 merger of BHP and Billiton, the company operated as a dual-listed entity until 2022. BHP's major assets include the Pilbara iron ore operations in Australia and the Escondida copper mine in Chile. In recent years, BHP has expanded its portfolio by acquiring copper miner Oz Minerals and developing the Jansen potash project in Canada. The company has divested its onshore US oil and gas assets and spun off its remaining petroleum assets into Woodside, with BHP shareholders receiving Woodside shares.

African Development Bank (AfDB), established in 1964 and headquartered in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, operates as a multilateral development finance institution. It offers loans, guarantees, risk management products, trade finance, treasury services, equity investments, and technical assistance to support development projects and programs across Africa. AfDB collaborates with national and international institutions to facilitate public and private sector investments aimed at economic growth and social progress. Its concessional financing window, African Development Fund (ADF), provides low-income countries with grants, loans, guarantees, and capacity-building support for poverty reduction initiatives.

FJ Labs, established in 2015 and headquartered in New York, is a stage-agnostic investment firm focusing on marketplaces and consumer-facing startups. It invests in seed and series A rounds, with a typical investment range of $50,000 to $5,000,000. The firm's portfolio includes notable companies such as Alibaba Group, Beepi, BrightRoll, Betterment, Adore Me, and Earnest, spanning sectors like e-commerce, fintech, and ad tech.

HAX is a venture capital program focused on accelerating hardware startups through its comprehensive support and resources. Founded in 2012 and headquartered in Newark, New Jersey, HAX operates in two key locations, San Francisco and Shenzhen, providing founders with an environment conducive to rapid prototyping and iterative development. The program emphasizes the importance of launching both B2C and B2B hardware startups, guiding them through critical phases such as business development, fundraising, and market entry. HAX accepts teams that demonstrate strong potential for scaling their ventures and solving significant technological challenges. Through a structured curriculum, entrepreneurs refine their product-market fit and business strategies while benefiting from a robust network of mentors and industry connections. HAX maintains an ongoing relationship with participating startups to support their growth beyond the initial program, ensuring they have the necessary resources and partnerships to succeed in the competitive marketplace.

Appian Capital Advisory LLP is a London-based private equity firm specializing in investments in the natural resources sector, with a focus on mining companies and assets. It invests across the mining cycle, from exploration to operation, in base metals, precious metals, fertilizers, and select niche commodities. The firm targets small to medium-sized companies, typically investing between $10 million and $150 million, and prefers to take a control position. Appian Capital Advisory seeks investments in North America, Latin America, Africa, and opportunistically in Asia and Australia, favoring countries with low sovereign risk and supportive mining legislation. The firm aims to exit investments through initial public offerings, trade sales, or other corporate transactions.

Desjardins Group, established in 1900, is a cooperative financial group based in Montreal, Canada. It offers a wide range of financial services to individuals and businesses, including personal banking, credit and loans, investments, insurance, and wealth management. Through its subsidiary, Desjardins Capital, the group provides venture capital and development capital to businesses and cooperatives across various sectors such as healthcare, manufacturing, technology, and agriculture. Desjardins Capital invests in startups, early-stage, and mature companies, typically providing equity or debt financing ranging from $0.09 million to $20 million for periods of 3 to 10 years. The group also offers corporate financing, debt capital markets, and equity capital markets services through its Desjardins Securities division.

Enhanced Capital, established in 1999, is a New York-based investment firm managing over $400 million. It specializes in providing flexible equity and debt financing to small and mid-sized businesses, promoting their growth and expansion. The firm's investment approach is practical and tailored, aiming to maximize the growth potential of companies poised for rapid growth. Enhanced Capital also invests in renewable energy, historic real estate rehabilitation, and affordable housing projects, often leveraging federal and state incentive programs.

Venture Metals+ is a prominent scale scrap processor specializing in industrial recycling services. The company serves various sectors, including automotive, aerospace, energy, utilities, communication, machinery, and construction. It engages in the purchase of ferrous, non-ferrous, and alloy metals from industrial and manufacturing facilities. In addition to purchasing metals, Venture Metals+ provides comprehensive recycling, reclamation, and investment recovery services, facilitating effective scrap management and global trading solutions. With direct access to foundries, mills, and end consumers, the company plays a significant role in the environmental services industry, contributing to sustainable practices through the recycling and recovery of valuable materials.

Nucor Corporation is a prominent manufacturer and seller of steel and steel products, operating primarily through two business segments: steel mills and steel products. The steel mills segment produces a wide range of hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel products, including angles, rounds, flats, channels, sheets, wide-flange beams, pilings, billets, blooms, beam blanks, and plates. The steel products segment offers various items such as steel joists and joist girders, steel deck, cold finished steel, steel fasteners, metal building systems, and light gauge steel framing. Nucor has expanded its operations through strategic acquisitions, including the purchase of SHV North America Corporation and Metal Recycling Services Inc., enhancing its capabilities in steel manufacturing and recycling.

Pala Investments is a private equity investment firm established in 2006 and based in Zug, Switzerland. The firm specializes in the mining sector and is supported by a team of experienced professionals with a proven track record. Pala focuses on making majority investments through various strategies, including buyouts and growth equity, as well as utilizing debt instruments such as senior, mezzanine, and convertible debt. The firm's commitment to the mining industry underscores its expertise and dedication to fostering growth within this sector.

CIBC, established in 1905, is a prominent Canadian commercial banking firm, providing a wide array of financial solutions for businesses. These services include bank accounts, credit cards, mortgages, lending, investments, and insurance, with protection services covering approved credit limits. CIBC World Markets, its investment banking subsidiary, operates both domestically and internationally, offering credit and capital market products, mergers and acquisitions advisory services, and other investment banking services. CIBC Capital Markets, another division, specializes in corporate and investment banking, sustainable finance, and financial services. CIBC Capital Partners, a venture capital and private equity arm, focuses on direct, fund, and mezzanine investments, providing subordinated debt and equity to mid and late-stage companies for growth, acquisitions, and restructurings. It typically invests CAD10-20 million in companies based in Canada, Europe, and Australia, across sectors like Internet retail, industrials, healthcare, and technology.

Investissement Québec is a Canadian financial institution established in 1998, dedicated to supporting the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as large companies in the province of Québec. The organization offers a variety of financing solutions and consulting services to assist businesses in their expansion projects. By combining the strengths of financial institutions and economic development agencies, Investissement Québec aims to facilitate the establishment and growth of companies within the region. The institution plays a crucial role in providing financial assistance and guidance to corporations looking to invest in Québec, thereby contributing to the local economy.

Breakthrough Energy, established in 2016 and headquartered in Kirkland, Washington, is an impact investment firm focused on combating climate change. It invests patiently over a 20-year period in cleantech and energy sectors, supporting companies from seed to commercialization stages. The firm's portfolio spans electricity generation and storage, transportation, industrial systems, agriculture, and energy efficiency, aiming to make power reliable, affordable, and climate-friendly. Breakthrough Energy Ventures, its investment arm, manages funds in the U.S. and Europe, with a goal to back 40 to 50 companies per fund.

Mitsui & Company, a global general trading company, specializes in a wide array of businesses. It procures, supplies, and trades diverse products, including iron and steel, minerals, metals, and chemicals, both domestically and internationally. The company also invests in and develops processing, distribution, and social infrastructure projects. Additionally, Mitsui & Company provides financing, leasing, and logistics services for machinery and equipment, and engages in retail support, real estate, and healthcare businesses. Through its global network, the company contributes to the stable supply of resources, materials, and energy, while also addressing environmental issues and adapting to changing consumer needs.

Tembo Capital, established in 2009, is a London-based private equity firm specializing in investments within the mining, metals, and minerals sectors. It focuses on emerging markets, targeting junior and mid-tier mining companies in developing countries. Tembo Capital typically invests between $5 million to $30 million per transaction, aiming to take majority stakes and create a diversified portfolio of ten to fifteen investments. The firm seeks to back companies actively developing quality mining assets, with a strong track record of identifying and supporting emerging resource companies. It is authorized and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.

Resource Capital Funds, established in 1998 and headquartered in Denver, Colorado, is a private equity investment firm registered as an Investment Adviser. It specializes in the metals, minerals, and mining sectors, globally. The firm partners with companies at various stages, from post-exploration properties to producing assets, investing between $10 million to $200 million. Its funds, such as Resource Capital Fund IV (2006 vintage), have a broad geographic reach, spanning the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Oceania. The firm's goal is to build sustainable, successful businesses that generate superior returns for all stakeholders.

ArcelorMittal is a global steel and mining company, specializing in the production of steel and iron ore. It operates through segments such as North America, Brazil, Europe, and Mining, with the majority of its revenue generated from the Europe segment. The company's product portfolio includes hot-rolled and cold-rolled coil, coated products, tinplate, plate, slab, long products, tubular products, and wire rods, serving diverse industries like automotive, construction, packaging, and household appliances. ArcelorMittal is committed to developing technologies to reduce the carbon footprint of steel, aiming to be carbon neutral by 2050.

Ryerson is a leading distributor and processor of industrial metals, headquartered in Chicago, with operations across the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The company also has processing and distribution activities in China, catering to a diverse customer base that includes local fabricators, machine shops, and large international manufacturers. Ryerson offers a comprehensive range of products, including stainless steel, aluminum, carbon steel, and alloy steels, as well as a limited selection of nickel and red metals in various shapes and forms. With its extensive processing and fabricating capabilities, broad geographic reach, and commitment to superior service, Ryerson is well-positioned to meet the evolving needs of its customers in the metals industry.

Alamos Gold is a gold producer focused on low-cost production, financial performance, and delivering shareholder value. The company operates primarily in Canada and Mexico, with three operating mines: Young-Davidson and Island Gold in Canada, and Mulatos in Sonora, Mexico. Mulatos generates the majority of the company's revenue. Alamos Gold has built a reputation as a highly efficient and profitable mining company, driven by the strength and talent of its workforce. The company emphasizes sustainable development and is committed to contributing positively to the communities in which it operates, adhering to core values of respect, equality, honesty, and accountability. This focus on sustainable practices and community engagement is integral to Alamos Gold's strategy and success.

SSR Mining Inc., established in 1946, is a Vancouver-based resource company specializing in the acquisition, exploration, development, and operation of precious metal resource properties in the Americas. The company's primary focus is on gold and silver deposits, with key projects including the Marigold mine in Nevada, USA, the Seabee Gold Operation in Saskatchewan, Canada, and the Puna Operations in Argentina.

AngloGold Ashanti Limited is a global gold mining company headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa. Established in 1944, it operates 14 mines and three projects across nine countries, primarily in South Africa, Continental Africa, the Americas, and Australia. The company focuses on the production of gold, silver, uranium, and sulphuric acid, with a significant portion of its revenue derived from its operations in Africa, including notable mines such as Kibali, Iduapriem, Obuasi, Siguiri, and Geita. Committed to responsible mining practices and sustainability, AngloGold Ashanti seeks to create long-term value for its stakeholders through ethical business practices and strong governance.

Innovate UK is a non-departmental public body established in 2007 and based in Swindon, United Kingdom. Funded by a government grant, it supports innovation in science and technology by providing funding services to businesses across various sectors and regions. The organization aims to drive productivity and economic growth by facilitating advancements that contribute to the UK’s economic landscape. In addition to funding, Innovate UK offers a range of services and information related to business and economic development, thereby fostering a supportive environment for innovation.

Anglo American, headquartered in the UK, is a global mining company with operations in approximately 45 countries. It produces a diverse range of commodities, including bulk materials like iron ore and coal, base metals such as copper and nickel, and precious metals and minerals, notably platinum and diamonds. Anglo American is a significant player in the global platinum market, accounting for about one-third of its supply, and is also a major producer of palladium. Additionally, through its 85% ownership of De Beers, it is a leading supplier and marketer of rough gem diamonds. Anglo American's products are integral to various industries, from steel production to electronics and jewelry.