Societe Generale is a leading European financial services group offering retail, corporate, and investment banking, as well as securities services and asset management. It serves about 27 million clients across 58 countries and employs roughly 110,000 people. The group provides financing, advisory, and risk management across its networks, supporting consumers, businesses, and public sector clients. Its activities span retail banking, corporate and investment banking, structured finance, payments, and wealth and asset management, with a focus on sustainable finance and climate initiatives. Societe Generale pursues growth through innovation, cross-border services, and global market access, financing infrastructure and energy transition projects, and enabling digital payments and international trade. The company emphasizes responsible growth and inclusion through programs and partnerships aimed at gender equality, biodiversity, and community development.

InnoEnergy is an organization established in 2010 by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology to industrialize clean technology innovation and accelerate the global transition to a net-zero economy. It invests in seed- and early-stage companies across Europe in climate technology, energy, clean tech, mobility, IoT, robotics, and related sectors, with the aim of de-risking and scaling viable solutions. Beyond funding, it builds resilient clean tech value chains through collaboration among industry, finance, public policy, and academia, and it works to upskill workers to lead the energy transition. Its ecosystem includes more than 1,400 partners across 21 EU countries and the United States, enabling collaboration, market access, and investment opportunities. Since its inception, InnoEnergy has supported over 540 companies, with about 160 active portfolio companies, and has facilitated more than €35 billion in investment and the potential to reduce CO2e emissions by 2.3 gigatonnes by 2030, while pursuing job creation and skills development, including efforts to prepare masters graduates for leadership roles in clean tech.

Lowercarbon Capital is a Los Angeles-based venture capital firm that supports climate technology companies across energy, advanced manufacturing and climate resilience. It backs startups from early stages to scale real-world solutions in areas such as carbon capture, renewable energy, sustainable transportation and alternative materials, prioritizing ambitious scientific approaches coupled with commercially viable outcomes. The firm provides hands-on support to portfolio companies and cultivates an ecosystem of founders and industry experts to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy, having invested over $200 million across multiple rounds.

Breakthrough Energy is a global platform focused on accelerating clean energy innovation and building the industries of the future. It addresses climate change by pursuing technology breakthroughs across manufacturing, electricity, agriculture, transportation, and buildings to deliver clean energy that is affordable and reliable. The organization identifies opportunities for technology discovery, creates companies from the ground up, and partners with scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs to scale promising technologies. It promotes public–private collaboration among governments, research institutions, and investors to mobilize investment beyond traditional cycles of basic research and subsidies. Through its network and commercialization initiatives, Breakthrough Energy aims to deploy zero-emission energy solutions at scale, fostering energy prosperity while reducing environmental impact.

The European Innovation Council is a European Union institution that funds and accelerates deep-tech innovation across Europe. It provides substantial support to startups, researchers, and technology transfer activities through programs such as the EIC Accelerator, EIC Fund, and EIC Prizes, and offers business acceleration services to help scale and globally expand ventures. The council is described as a major investor, providing about €6.5 billion in funding, and it co-invests with private investors in early-stage startups with ESG impacts. Established in 2018 and headquartered in Brussels, it focuses on breakthrough innovations in deep technology, including dual-use and defence-relevant technologies, and engages with innovation ecosystems through events, reports, and information hubs. The organization is oriented toward advancing European competitiveness by nurturing high-potential tech ventures from inception through scaleup.

SOSV is a global venture capital firm focused on early-stage deep-tech and cross-border software companies, investing primarily from pre-seed through growth stages. It accelerates product development, regulatory progress, fundraising, and commercial strategy by providing founders access to purpose-built labs, engineering spaces, and a broad physical and virtual infrastructure across multiple locations. The firm's program-driven approach combines selective funding with hands-on support, mentorship, and a wide network of co-investors and partners to help portfolio companies scale. SOSV operates a suite of specialized facilities for deep-tech founders, including incubation programs that connect startups with customers, researchers, and investors, and it emphasizes long-term relationships through ongoing operational and strategic assistance. While active globally, it maintains strong ties to Asia-focused cross-border markets and supports a diverse portfolio spanning bio-tech, hardware, robotics, software, and related fields.

Energy Impact Partners is a New York-based venture capital firm founded in 2015 that focuses on accelerating the transition to a sustainable energy future. It invests globally across venture, growth, credit, and infrastructure and collaborates with entrepreneurs and leading energy and industrial companies to scale innovative technologies. Its portfolio spans energy storage, renewable energy solutions, grid resilience, home energy management, and AI-enabled utilities, among other energy tech sectors. The firm manages more than 2.5 billion in assets, reflecting a broad and ongoing commitment to funding scalable solutions in the energy technology landscape.

Prelude Ventures is a San Francisco-based venture capital firm that backs early-stage startups focused on mitigating climate change. Founded in 2013, the firm targets investments across built environment, carbon management, compute, energy, food and agriculture, manufacturing and industrials, and mobility, seeking to support category-defining companies and scalable climate solutions.

Union Square Ventures is a New York-based venture capital firm founded in 2003 that focuses on early-stage to growth-stage internet companies. It concentrates on the applications layer of the web, internet services, and web services that create large networks, with emphasis on businesses that generate network effects across sectors such as social media, marketplaces, developer tools, learning, health, fintech, web3 and decentralized systems, technology, and climate. The firm typically makes initial investments around 1 million dollars and can participate in larger rounds up to about 20 million dollars, often taking a lead role and working closely with founders to support growth. It pursues investments across major markets globally, including New York, San Francisco, London, and Berlin.

Congruent Ventures is an early-stage venture capital firm based in the San Francisco Bay Area that funds climate and sustainability startups in North America. The firm concentrates on four themes—Mobility and Urbanization, the Energy Transition, Food and Agriculture, and Sustainable Production and Consumption—and partners with founders to build category-defining companies that deliver environmental impact alongside venture returns. With more than $1 billion in assets under management across its early-stage climate funds, Congruent Ventures is among the largest climate portfolios in early-stage venture. It emphasizes hands-on support and close collaboration with portfolio companies to accelerate growth and scale solutions that address climate challenges.

Khosla Ventures is a California-based venture capital firm founded in 2004 that backs technology-driven startups across multiple sectors, including artificial intelligence, healthcare, sustainability, digital health, and consumer technology. The firm provides capital and strategic guidance to companies at early and growth stages, with an emphasis on disruptive technologies and world-changing businesses. It operates a range of funds, including seed and later-stage vehicles, and maintains a broad investment thesis that covers AI, climate tech, energy efficiency, and other high-potential areas, primarily focused in the United States. The firm is known for working closely with entrepreneurs to build long-lasting companies.

SET Ventures is an Amsterdam-based venture capital firm founded in 2007 that invests in early to growth-stage European energy technology companies driving the digital energy transition. It backs startups developing sustainable solutions across generation, distribution and storage, energy use, and enabling technologies, with emphasis on software-enabled business models, smart energy, smart buildings, and mobility. The firm focuses on Europe's evolving energy sector, often taking an active role such as board participation to support growth, scale, and commercialization. With a track record of supporting digital energy pioneers, SET Ventures aims to accelerate decarbonization, grid modernization, and energy efficiency through innovative technology and partnerships.

Alumni Ventures is a venture capital firm that provides accredited investors access to venture-stage and late-stage private market investments. It offers funds, syndicates, investing clubs, and co-investment opportunities with established venture capital firms, and it provides venture investing education through AV Academy along with resources for startup founders.

Chevron is a global integrated energy company with exploration, production, refining, marketing, and technology operations worldwide. Through its Upstream and Downstream businesses, the company develops crude oil and natural gas resources, processes and markets refined products, and engages in liquefied natural gas activities, pipelines, and transportation services. Chevron also holds interests in chemicals and other energy-related operations and maintains corporate functions such as cash management, debt financing, insurance, real estate, and technology development. The company operates through its subsidiaries and brands and maintains a venture arm, Chevron Technology Ventures, which funds and tests emerging technologies to advance Chevron's core businesses and energy-transition efforts. Chevron emphasizes affordable, reliable and cleaner energy as a driver of human progress, pursuing innovation and partnerships to reduce carbon intensity while meeting global energy needs.

AENU is a venture capital firm focused on investing in climate technology and social impact companies across Europe. It seeks to transform venture capital toward impact, accessibility, and stakeholder alignment by providing long-term support to early-stage startups in climate tech, energy, industrial decarbonization, and systemic resilience. The firm emphasizes a founder-centric approach and uses a Systemic Impact Framework to embed climate performance into portfolio operations. It concentrates on Europe, with emphasis on the DACH region, France, the United Kingdom, and the Nordics. Typical investments range from EUR 1-5 million initially, with follow-on rounds up to EUR 10 million, and it pursues lead or co-lead roles with board representation. AENU brings more than capital, drawing on experienced entrepreneurs to help portfolio companies scale climate solutions while advancing social equity and impact.

MassVentures is a Massachusetts-based venture capital firm focused on seed and early-stage investments that advance high-growth startups from concept to commercialization within the state’s innovation economy. Established in 1978 as a quasi-public entity by the Massachusetts Legislature and governed by an independent board, the firm funds ventures in deep tech and related sectors, including quantum computing, clean energy, biotech, artificial intelligence, advanced materials, manufacturing, and robotics. It has backed hundreds of companies and oversees more than $4 billion in follow-on capital, reflecting a durable track record of helping startups attract additional funding and scale. Beyond capital, MassVentures provides non-dilutive grants, commercialization support, mentorship, and strategic guidance through programs such as MV Capital and MV Accelerate, all aimed at building inclusive, connected ventures that leverage Massachusetts’ innovation ecosystem.

Katapult Group is an Oslo-based venture ecosystem and accelerator focused on impact investing and technology for planetary resilience. Founded in 2016, the firm operates an accelerator and supports early-stage ventures across energy, climate tech, clean tech and other exponential technologies, aiming to solve global challenges. Its ecosystem includes Katapult Ocean, the Ocean impact investing platform, the Impact Platform for early-stage ventures, the Katapult Foundation, and Katapult Future Fest, all designed to catalyze collaboration, knowledge sharing and impact. The group emphasizes responsible stewardship of transformative technology and seeks to attract capital from high-net-worth individuals, family offices and foundations to deploy into impact-driven ventures, guided by a multi-stakeholder approach to decision making to maximize positive outcomes in areas such as ocean health, climate stability, sustainable food systems and thriving societies.

NGP Energy Capital Management is a private equity and venture capital firm focused on energy investments across the value chain, including oil and natural gas production, midstream, oilfield services, energy efficiency, and alternative energy. Founded in 1988 and headquartered in Irving, Texas, it maintains offices in Houston, London, Santa Fe, and Stamford. The firm pursues investments across growth, expansion, and buyout opportunities and may co‑invest in direct oil and gas property interests alongside portfolio companies. It targets opportunities in North America and select international markets, including the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico, and Canada, with typical deal sizes ranging from two million to five hundred million dollars.

A Berlin-based European venture capital firm investing in seed- and pre-seed-stage energy technology and mobility startups across Europe. It focuses on electrification and decarbonization through digital solutions, with an investment thesis covering upstream, midstream and downstream segments such as decentralized renewables, energy transport and storage (including green hydrogen), and smart infrastructure for energy usage, e-mobility, real estate and industrial applications. It backs early-stage companies with initial funding typically one to two million euros, provides strategic advice, mentorship and access to a network, and aims to rebuild Europe's energy system with emphasis on electrification, energy sovereignty and AI-supported energy solutions. The firm supports portfolio companies across multiple European countries and emphasizes ESG principles, having backed dozens of startups in energy and mobility and actively engaging with industry events and news.

S2G Investments is a Chicago-based multi-stage venture capital firm focused on food, agriculture, oceans, and energy sectors. It provides capital to venture and growth-stage companies pursuing market-driven solutions to transform food systems and energy resources. The firm supports entrepreneurs and leadership teams with strategies intended to deliver increased value and better performance than conventional options. Its investment approach spans seed to growth, with a cross-sector portfolio across areas such as agriculture, ingredients, infrastructure and logistics, food safety and technology, retail and restaurants, and consumer brands. S2G manages over $2.8 billion in assets and has backed more than 120 portfolio companies.

Gaia Impact Fund is an impact-focused investment firm that finances decentralized renewable energy solutions to provide affordable, clean power. It concentrates on Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, while maintaining a global reach to accelerate the energy transition. The firm backs startups and projects that expand sustainable energy access for local communities, supporting innovative business models and technologies that diffuse renewable energy at scale in regions with carbon-intensive energy mixes. Based in Paris with a presence in Nairobi, Gaia Impact Fund seeks to deliver positive environmental and social outcomes alongside financial returns through long-term partnerships and rigorous impact assessment.

IFU is a Danish development finance institution that provides financing to private-sector projects in developing countries. It offers equity, mezzanine, loans, debt and guarantees and often partners with Danish companies to establish new ventures, form joint ventures with local partners, or acquire existing businesses. It targets sectors such as climate, agribusiness, renewable energy, biofuels, commercial services and irrigation, and concentrates on projects in developing regions in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The fund typically takes board seats and aims to exit within five to seven years after repayment or sale, while also providing advisory services and potential additional financing. It supports small and medium-sized enterprises and blends development impact with investments. Founded in 1967 and headquartered in Copenhagen, it maintains offices across Asia, Europe and Africa to facilitate its activities.

Founders Fund is a San Francisco-based venture capital firm that invests in science and technology companies across multiple stages, from seed to growth. The firm focuses on transformative technologies in areas including aerospace, artificial intelligence, advanced computing, energy, health, and consumer internet, and has backed high-profile innovators such as SpaceX, Palantir, Facebook, and Airbnb. It emphasizes a founder-friendly approach that provides substantial support with minimal interference, aiming to help portfolio companies navigate complex environments and pursue long-term progress. The firm pursues a global investment footprint and seeks opportunities across sectors addressing difficult problems, with a track record of backing pioneering ventures at the forefront of innovation.

Founded in 2012, Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners is a multinational fund management firm that concentrates on energy infrastructure, renewable energy, and water-related sectors across Europe, Asia and North America. The company assembles and manages investment funds to finance projects in solar, wind, energy storage, hydro, transmission, and related infrastructure, aiming to drive electrification, energy security and the transition to sustainable energy. Its team comprises professionals with expertise in corporate finance, M&A, engineering, project development and operations, including leadership roles in major energy projects. CIP operates globally with a pipeline of large-scale projects and emphasizes sustainable development and long-term value creation for investors.

Mitsubishi UFJ Capital is a Tokyo-based venture capital firm established in 1974 that specializes in seed and development-stage investments. It supports startups across information technology, life science, electronics, high technology, AI, biotech, fintech, and healthcare sectors with a focus on opportunities relevant to the Japanese market. The firm engages in investment syndication and maintains offices in Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya to facilitate regional deal flow and collaboration with MUFG affiliates. It aims to foster sustainable value creation by backing innovative companies at early and growth stages and by aligning portfolio activities with Japan’s technology and industry priorities.

Business Development Bank of Canada is a government-owned financial institution established in 1944 to support Canadian entrepreneurs. It provides financing, advisory services, and venture capital to small and medium-sized enterprises across Canada, helping them scale, diversify, and export. Headquartered in Montreal with a nationwide network of offices, the bank offers loans, asset-backed financing, and equity investments through its venture capital arm and related programs. BDC serves a broad range of sectors, including technology, manufacturing, resources, and services, and supports growth through strategic planning, human resources guidance, and international expansion assistance. It operates as a key instrument of economic growth and job creation, targeting Canadian businesses at various development stages and offering both direct financing and co-investment options in partnership with other investors.

Mizuho Capital is the venture capital arm of Mizuho Financial Group, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It identifies and invests in ambitious startups and growth companies, leveraging Mizuho’s financial expertise, network, and strategic guidance to help portfolio firms scale and access public markets. The firm pursues investments across information technology, internet-related services, healthcare, manufacturing, non-manufacturing, and other services, aiming to back differentiated technologies and business models. Through disciplined investment and close collaboration with management teams, Mizuho Capital seeks to create lasting value and support portfolio companies toward successful exits, including initial public offerings. The firm has a track record of multiple IPOs in its portfolio and operates as the corporate venture arm of a major Japanese bank, with a large network and capital backing its activities.

Picus Capital is an early-stage technology investment firm based in Munich, Germany, pursuing a long-term, flexible-capital approach. The firm backs pre-seed to Series A ventures across sectors including financial services, HR, energy and climate, healthcare, logistics and mobility, real estate and construction, crypto and web3, deeptech and e-commerce. It emphasizes close partnerships with portfolio companies, providing strategic and operational support, talent access, marketing and sales guidance, and connections to a broad B2B and investor network to aid fundraising and international growth. Picus aims to help founders build category-defining global leaders through a disciplined investment approach and ongoing engagement throughout the lifecycle of the companies.

Based in Copenhagen, Denmark, The Footprint Firm is an advisory and investment firm focused on sustainability. Established in 2019, it helps organizations translate sustainability ambitions into strategy, value, and resilience, and it invests in startups developing scalable solutions. The firm has around 40 employees and serves more than 250 clients.

Kopa Ventures is a European early-stage venture capital firm focused on climate tech startups, including energy, mobility, nature and carbon tech. Founded in 2017 and based in Berlin, Germany, the firm backs seed-, pre-seed-, and Series A–stage companies across Europe, with a focus on the DACH region. It emphasizes an impact-driven approach, assessing carbon metrics, biodiversity and resource management in its investment process, and aims to accelerate solutions that contribute to a climate-positive economy. Kopa Ventures provides portfolio companies with access to a network of partners, customers and follow-on investors while allowing founders to retain autonomy. The firm concentrates on supporting innovative climate tech solutions that address energy transition, sustainable mobility and nature-based technologies.

CDP Venture Capital is a leading Italian venture capital fund manager that oversees about €4.9 billion in assets under management across 15 direct and indirect funds. The firm concentrates its investments in sectors integral to Italy’s growth, aiming to place entrepreneurship at the center of economic development. It supports a mature portfolio, pursues ecosystem collaborations to strengthen investments and innovation, and is expanding through new vehicles such as Ulixes and Lumen Ventures' Lumen II, a seed-stage fund focused on insurtech, fintech, digital health, and cybersecurity. CDP maintains a substantial presence in Rome and Milan and offers opportunities through programs like XJOBS. The organization emphasizes transparency through regular investor materials and annual reports, reinforcing its role in advancing the venture capital ecosystem in Italy.

Demeter Partners is a private equity and venture capital firm focused on ecological and energy-transition sectors. It invests across the full company lifecycle—from seed and start-up to growth and pre-IPO—in Europe, with a typical equity range of €0.5 million to €30 million. The firm often takes minority stakes and seeks board representation, backing innovative startups, high-growth SMEs, and infrastructure projects in eco-industries such as water, air and waste treatment, energy efficiency, renewable energy, green transportation, green buildings, and related technologies. Founded in 2005, Demeter Partners is headquartered in Paris and maintains offices in Madrid, Grenoble, Metz, Lyon and Münster. The group has built a major European platform through a historic merger with Emertec Gestion in 2016, reinforcing its focus on the energy transition and sustainable materials sectors.

Sustainable Development Technology Canada is an independent, government-funded organization that funds Canadian cleantech projects and coaches the companies that lead these projects to market. It supports cleantech initiatives by creating jobs, enabling growth and exports for Canadian firms, and delivering environmental, economic and health benefits to Canadians. The organization operates at arm's length and builds networks with private industry, academia and governments at home and abroad to advance clean technology deployment within Canada.

UVC Partners is a Munich- and Berlin-based early-stage venture capital firm that invests in technology-based startups in enterprise software, industrial technologies, and mobility. It backs initial investments typically in the €0.5–€10 million range, with up to €20 million in total per company, and emphasizes supporting founders building disruptive, scalable solutions.

FJ Labs is a New York-based venture capital firm founded in 2015 by Fabrice Grinda. It is stage-agnostic and focuses on marketplaces and consumer-facing startups, investing primarily in seed and Series A rounds with typical checks ranging from 50,000 to 5,000,000. The firm backs visionary founders pursuing global transformations and aims to support growth toward market leadership. Its portfolio includes Alibaba and other marketplace and consumer offerings, with notable investments such as Coupang, Flexport, Delivery Hero, Beepi, BrightRoll, Betterment, Adore Me, and Earnest.

Global Brain is an independent venture capital firm based in Tokyo, Japan, founded in 1998. It invests in technology startups worldwide, with a focus on sectors such as artificial intelligence, cloud software, cybersecurity, fintech, advertising technology, agriculture technology, climate tech, and related fields. The firm targets seed to growth-stage opportunities and collaborates with corporate venture partners to provide hands-on support and resources to portfolio companies. It maintains flagship funds and ongoing investment programs and has backed numerous startups with several notable exits, reflecting an emphasis on global expansion and practical value creation for early-stage and growth companies.

Contrarian Ventures is a venture capital firm founded in 2017 that invests in early-stage climate tech startups across Europe and the United States, with a focus on pre-seed and seed rounds and some growth capital. It backs companies advancing the energy transition, including smart grid, energy efficiency, energy storage, e-mobility, distributed generation, and virtual power plants, and seeks globally with a European emphasis. The firm emphasizes a founder-centric, contrarian approach and long-term partnerships, supported by a full-stack climate platform that includes ecosystem events such as the Energy Tech Summit and initiatives like Climate50 and Climate Brick to help founders scale. Its portfolio includes companies like PVcase, BeZero Carbon, Chooose, and Zoomo, reflecting an aim to accelerate decarbonization, lower-carbon fuels, and energy savings for consumers. Contrarian Ventures emphasizes hands-on, collaborative support for founders and operates from Vilnius with additional offices in London and Amsterdam.

Energy and Environment Investment is a Tokyo-based venture capital firm founded in 2006 that specializes in clean technology and the environment. It focuses on environmental and energy sectors and backs startups advancing sustainability and decarbonization, including energy transition, mobility, renewable energy, energy storage, energy management, carbon removal, circular economy, climate tech, and smart infrastructure. The firm provides risk capital and strategic, hands-on support to portfolio companies to plan and execute business and impact strategies for high growth, leveraging national and international networks to build a robust energy-environment startup ecosystem and to identify opportunities with global impact from Japan. It emphasizes a domain-focused approach and works with entrepreneurs to scale next-generation business models and technologies. The firm is headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo, and maintains a long-standing commitment to supporting ambitious ventures in the clean-tech space.

One Planet Capital is a London-based venture capital firm founded in 2020 that concentrates on early-stage investments in climate and technology sectors. Its focus includes energy technology, recycling technology, transport, artificial intelligence, software and hardware, B2B SaaS, and the built environment. The firm pursues a mission to unlock positive global impact by supporting startups that advance the green industrial revolution and disrupt conventional practices, aiming to generate meaningful environmental and social outcomes alongside venture returns.

BP is a global integrated energy company involved in the exploration, production, refining, trading, and shipping of oil and gas, with a growing focus on renewable energy and low-carbon solutions. Its upstream activities cover global discovery and production of oil and natural gas, while downstream operations refine crude oil into petroleum products and market them worldwide. The company also trades energy commodities and operates shipping services to support product distribution. Through its Alternative Energy division, BP has expanded investments in wind, solar, biofuels, and other low-carbon technologies as part of its strategy to adapt to evolving energy demand and pursue a more sustainable energy mix. BP's aviation fuels division, Air BP, supplies fuels and lubricants to airlines and general aviation at over a thousand airports across many countries. The business combines conventional energy activities with investments and operations aimed at reducing carbon emissions and advancing energy transition.

responsAbility Investments is a Zurich-based impact asset manager founded in 2003. It focuses on three SDG-aligned themes—financial inclusion, climate finance, and sustainable food—financing micro and SME growth, supporting a net-zero transition, and promoting sustainable agriculture to feed a growing population. The firm manages capital across private markets, including private debt and equity, with emphasis on financial institutions, microfinance, renewable energy, and related sectors in developing economies. It operates globally with offices in Lima, Mumbai, Nairobi, Paris, Tbilisi, and Singapore, and collaborates with institutional and private investors to deliver measurable social and environmental outcomes alongside competitive returns.

GS Futures is the corporate venture arm of GS Global, headquartered in San Mateo, California, and founded in 2020. It makes early-stage, strategic investments across climate technology, energy transition, construction and real estate technology, consumer technology, retail, sustainability, energy, and related digital infrastructure sectors. It provides capital and strategic support, leveraging access to the broader GS Group to accelerate growth and foster partnerships. Its investment thesis targets technologies that can reshape how people live and work, including embodied intelligence, modernization of construction, improved energy systems, and foundational digital platforms.

Gigascale Capital is an early-stage venture capital firm founded in 2023 and headquartered in Palo Alto, California. It backs startups developing technologies and infrastructure that enable climate progress and rebuild the physical economy, with investments spanning clean energy, advanced manufacturing, grid infrastructure, and physical artificial intelligence. Its portfolio targets both direct decarbonization efforts and the enabling layers that make physical systems faster, cheaper to design, build, and deploy, with climate impact arising from improved performance. Gigascale emphasizes a hands-on approach, supporting founders in technical, commercial, and financial decisions throughout concept to scale, viewing minimum viable products as pilot plants requiring capital expenditure for scaling. The firm aims to accelerate the development of hard technologies that can economically outperform existing solutions while delivering measurable climate benefits.

PT1 Ventures is a Berlin-based European venture capital firm that makes early-stage investments in technology companies transforming the physical world, focusing on energy, buildings and infrastructure. It backs startups across Europe and combines capital with strategic and financial support to help portfolio companies scale. The firm leverages a European network of industry experts and an AI-enabled deal flow approach to identify and accelerate opportunities in electrification and energy transition, built world AI and automation, and climate and infrastructure resilience. PT1 aims to partner with founders to address structural challenges in infrastructure, electrification, and automation, providing hands-on guidance and value-added services to accelerate growth across multiple markets.

Underground Ventures is a Copenhagen-based venture capital firm that concentrates on geothermal technologies. Founded in 2024, it invests in early-stage geothermal technology companies across the entire value chain, from subsurface data analysis and drilling technologies to reservoir engineering and power production. The firm focuses exclusively on geothermal energy, supporting differentiated and transformative technologies and partnering with founders to accelerate the global adoption of geothermal solutions. While its activities emphasize collaboration, the firm seeks to scale the industry beyond traditional markets and advance projects across various geothermal resource types, including enhanced, conventional, and other innovative approaches.

Extantia Capital is a climate-first venture capital firm founded in 2020 and based in Berlin, Germany. It backs mission-driven entrepreneurs, scientists, investors, and business leaders to accelerate the transition to a decarbonised world. The firm focuses on deep decarbonisation technologies with the potential for large-scale CO2e reductions and commercially viable, scalable business models. Extantia operates two investment strategies: Extantia Flagship backs scalable deep decarbonisation tech companies, and Extantia Allstars invests in climate venture capital funds. The firm has over €100 million in assets under management.

Safar Partners is a venture capital firm based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, investing in seed- to growth-stage technology companies. The firm sources opportunities through close ties with leading universities such as MIT, Harvard, and the University of Rochester and supports portfolio companies across their lifecycle. It focuses on platform technologies in cleantech and advanced materials, artificial intelligence and information technology, robotics, and life sciences including medical devices, primarily backing United States–based startups at early and growth stages.

360 Capital is a venture capital firm with a Paris- and Milan-based team that backs early-stage startups across Europe in deep tech, climate tech, and digital sectors. Founded in 1997, the firm has a track record spanning about 25 years and manages roughly €700 million in assets, supporting an active portfolio of more than 70 companies. It targets seed to Series B rounds and seeks ambitious, disruptive technologies, helping entrepreneurs develop scalable solutions across sectors such as energy storage, robotics and data systems for maritime and logistics. The firm emphasizes sustainable tech progress and maintains a broad, cross-border presence to back founders throughout Europe.

Green Angel Ventures is a London-based early-stage impact investment firm focused on climate technology and related sectors. It identifies and supports early-stage companies developing solutions in energy, carbon removal, nature-based solutions, food and agriculture, transport, industry and recycling, and other climate-related areas. The firm conducts sourcing and due diligence to select promising opportunities and provides investment to help these companies grow, aiming to deliver environmental impact alongside financial returns. It targets a diversified climate tech portfolio and works with companies aiming to scale innovative technologies that address climate challenges in the UK and beyond. The company positions itself as a developer and financier of early-stage climate ventures, seeking to back ventures with scalable, measurable climate benefits.

DCVC, known as Data Collective, is a venture capital firm headquartered in Palo Alto, California. Founded in 2011, it focuses on deep-tech investments across AI, space, robotics, exascale computing, climate and energy, materials science, biology, and defense. The firm partners with scientists and engineers to support early-stage and growth companies that aim to translate fundamental science into scalable technologies. DCVC emphasizes data-driven approaches and computational advantages to reduce capital intensity and accelerate development, aiming to address global challenges with transformative innovations. Through its portfolio, the firm seeks companies combining rigorous scientific research with practical engineering to advance fields such as life sciences, agriculture, and automation, while leveraging its technical network to help teams iterate rapidly and reach deployment at scale.