European Investment Fund (EIF) is a public institution established in 1994 to improve access to finance for Europe's small and medium-sized businesses. It designs and develops venture capital and guarantee instruments to support SMEs and to catalyse private investment, aiming to build a robust European equity ecosystem. EIF engages in venture capital, growth capital, and guarantee operations, backing innovative entrepreneurs primarily in technology and life sciences, as well as across other sectors. Through cornerstone investments and fund participation, EIF seeks to crowd in private investors and stimulate venture activity across Europe. Its equity portfolio has grown substantially, with assets under management exceeding EUR 14 billion, reflecting its broad role in strengthening SME finance and supporting entrepreneurship and growth.

Verizon Communications is a United States telecommunications company that provides data, wireless and internet services to consumers, businesses, and government entities. It operates 4G LTE and 3G networks and offers wireless plans, fixed broadband, and media and information services, together with enterprise products such as private networking, cloud connectivity, unified communications, and security. The company serves mass market, business, government and wholesale customers and maintains a broad portfolio of devices and services, including IoT solutions and value-added services. Based in New York, Verizon emphasizes connectivity and digital solutions across industries and maintains a venture arm to support early-stage technology development and a foundation focused on education and community initiatives.

Signal Lake is a private equity and venture capital firm that invests across incubation, seed and later-stage ventures in technology companies. The firm focuses on software, communications and networking, broadband telecom, network infrastructure, information technology, cloud computing, embedded systems, semiconductors and green energy. It pursues global investment opportunities from a Northeast United States base, with offices in Westport, Connecticut and Boston, Massachusetts.

Telefónica is a global telecommunications group that provides fixed-line and mobile connectivity and a broad range of digital services to residential and business customers. The company operates an extensive international footprint across Europe and Latin America, including Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil and other Latin American markets, serving hundreds of millions of customers. It focuses on delivering innovative information and communications technologies to enhance everyday life and business performance, with activities spanning network operations, consumer and enterprise services and digital offerings. Telefónica is one of the largest telecom operators worldwide and maintains a diversified portfolio to pursue growth through international scale and digital transformation opportunities.

Orange is a leading digital operator that provides mobile and internet services in Europe and Africa, with a global corporate telecommunications arm that serves large enterprises, local authorities and SMEs worldwide. Through Orange Business Services, the group offers integrated voice and data, IT and cloud solutions, data center and network management, security, and unified communications designed to manage international operations. It supports complex projects across industries with end-to-end services, including IP voice, WAN-LAN design, application management and managed services. The company also maintains an innovation network and startup ecosystem through initiatives like Orange Fabs. Founded in 1991 and headquartered in Paris, France, Orange operates in around 30 countries and serves hundreds of millions of customers globally.

SOSV is a global venture capital firm based in Princeton, New Jersey, founded in 1995, that focuses on seed to growth investments in deep technology across health, environmental tech, hardware, robotics, and cross border software, with a particular emphasis on Asia. The company runs accelerator style startup development programs, including HAX and IndieBio, which provide facilities, engineering resources, and lab equipment to help founders accelerate product development, acquire customers, and attract later stage funding. SOSV pursues a limited number of high potential startups, offering extensive hands on support to speed commercialization and scale, and aims to back innovations that improve human and planetary health.

New Enterprise Associates is a U.S.-based venture capital firm founded in 1977 and headquartered in Menlo Park, California. It invests in technology and healthcare companies across stages and geographies, supporting startups from seed to growth. The firm operates globally with investments in the United States, Asia, and Brazil among others, and has a long track record of portfolio IPOs and acquisitions. It has over $19 billion in cumulative committed capital.

Seraphim Capital is a London-based venture capital and growth equity firm focused on the space technology sector. It invests globally across multiple stages, from early pre-seed to growth and pre-IPO, and supports portfolio companies with access to a broad network of corporate partners, government agencies, and industry experts. The firm seeks to back space-enabled businesses, including Earth observation and related applications, leveraging its experienced team and worldwide reach to drive growth, partnerships, and value creation through the full company lifecycle.

SDC Capital Partners is a New York-based investment firm that makes private equity and venture investments in information technology and communications infrastructure. The firm focuses on assets such as data centers, network and fiber infrastructure, wireless infrastructure, managed IT, and cloud services, and targets technology companies across North America and Western Europe.

Founded in 2002, Genexis is a leading developer and supplier of high-quality active equipment for the fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) market. The company specializes in Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), with a focus on integrated home gateways that facilitate efficient internet connectivity.

Teleste is an international technology company offering an integrated portfolio of products and services across broadband, security, and information technologies. Its solutions enable television and broadband services for homes, enhance public safety in public spaces, and support navigation of public transport. With industry experience and a focus on innovation, Teleste connects customers worldwide through a network of offices and partners.

SeaPoint Ventures is a Seattle-based venture capital firm that backs seed and early-stage companies in the communications technology space, including wireless, broadband, and network infrastructure. The firm prefers to lead investments, often takes a board seat, and typically acts as the first institutional investor while selectively syndicating with others. SeaPoint emphasizes hands-on support by leveraging the partners' operational, financial, and management experience to help portfolio companies grow. Though focused on the United States, it seeks opportunities across the communications, broadband and related Internet and network infrastructure sectors. Founded in 1997, SeaPoint Ventures builds on its industry reputation and strategic relationships to identify and develop promising ventures in the wireless and telecommunications arena.

IMM Investment is a Seoul-based independent private equity and venture capital firm established in 1999. The company engages in mezzanine and growth investments and pursues opportunities in mergers and acquisitions, venture capital, corporate restructuring, private equity, industry consolidation, management buyouts, spin-offs, recapitalizations, and cross-border transactions. It concentrates on medium-sized companies operating in information technology infrastructure, wireless communications, software, contents, and other technology-enabled sectors, with a particular emphasis on information technology, healthcare/biotech, and manufacturing. The firm typically takes an active role in governance and strategic direction and focuses on opportunities within South Korea and cross-border contexts. IMM Investment aims to support portfolio companies through growth, expansion, and consolidation, leveraging its long-standing relationships with institutional investors and investment professionals.

Morningside is a Boston-based investment firm founded in 1986 as a family office for the Chan family. It makes venture capital investments in companies with novel science and technology, with deep expertise in life sciences, digital health, artificial intelligence, materials, and technology. The firm takes a long-term approach to building companies and emphasizes ethical conduct. In addition to its investment activities, Morningside supports charitable initiatives in education, research and healthcare, including collaborations with Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, UMass Chan Medical School, and the MIT Morningside Academy for Design.

Citigroup is a diversified financial services company providing a broad range of financial products and services to consumers, corporations, governments, and institutions worldwide. It operates through two main segments: Global Consumer Banking, which includes retail banking, Citi-branded cards, and consumer finance, and Institutional Clients Group, which covers wholesale banking, investment banking, fixed income and equity sales and trading, foreign exchange, prime brokerage, research, corporate lending, cash management, trade finance, and securities services. The company maintains a global footprint across regions including Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, North and Latin America, and emphasizes sustainability and social responsibility initiatives.

AST SpaceMobile develops and manufactures satellites for a global broadband cellular network in space. This network directly connects with standard, unmodified mobile devices, aiming to eliminate connectivity gaps and bring broadband to the billions currently unconnected.

The EBRD is an international financial institution founded in 1990 and headquartered in London that provides project financing and advisory services to support private sector development and transformation in emerging markets. It finances banks, industries, and businesses, supports new ventures and investments in existing companies, and helps privatize and restructure municipal services in publicly owned entities. Through its banking and treasury activities, it offers loans, equity and quasi-equity investments, guarantees, and equity funds for smaller enterprises, along with trade finance and loan syndication. It works with commercial partners to invest in private enterprises across sectors including energy, manufacturing, ICT, infrastructure, agribusiness, and real estate, across Europe, the Middle East and beyond, including a significant footprint in Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltics, and the Caucasus. It provides policy reform dialogue and advisory services to support market modernization, governance, and reform. It has invested over €130 billion in more than 5,000 projects.

Bessemer Venture Partners is a global venture capital firm founded in 1911 and headquartered in Redwood City, California. It backs startups across seed to growth stages, focusing on software, cloud, cybersecurity, fintech, consumer and healthcare technologies, and high-growth business models. The firm operates internationally, supporting portfolio companies from early product development through scale, and has backed well-known names such as Pinterest, Shopify, Twilio, Yelp, LinkedIn, Wix and others. BVP emphasizes helping founders establish durable foundations and guides companies through multiple growth phases, leveraging hands-on operational support, strategic networks, and cross-border expertise. With a diversified approach that includes consumer, enterprise and deep-tech investments, the firm seeks to build lasting companies that matter across global markets.

Uncorrelated Ventures is a venture capital firm founded in 2019 by Salil Deshpande and headquartered in San Francisco, California. It backs early-stage companies focused on infrastructure software and seeks opportunities in related areas such as decentralized finance, cryptocurrency, blockchain, and fintech.

Cisco Systems is a global technology company that designs, manufactures and sells networking hardware, software and related services. It offers routers, switches, network security products, wireless and mobility solutions, collaboration tools, data center technologies and observability software. Cisco serves businesses, organizations, service providers and individuals to build and manage networks, enable communications and enhance connectivity across industries. The company provides services in addition to its products, including technical assistance and advanced services, and manufacturing is largely outsourced with a large worldwide sales and marketing presence. With about 80,000 employees, Cisco is a leading provider of networking equipment and software, with a broad portfolio that includes security, collaboration (Webex) and enterprise networking solutions.

Infracapital is a leading European infrastructure investor and the infrastructure investment arm of M&G Investments, the UK and European investment management arm of Prudential plc. Established in 2001 and based in London, the firm focuses on acquiring and managing core infrastructure assets across utilities, energy, transportation, and social sectors. Its investments cover utilities such as water and gas networks, metering, and energy traders, as well as renewable generation including wind and solar, and traditional transport assets like ports, airports, toll roads, and bridges. It also targets social infrastructure such as healthcare and educational facilities, government accommodation, and communications infrastructure, with a bias toward greenfield energy projects and a preference for controlling stakes and board representation. The firm operates across the United Kingdom, Continental Europe, and Western Europe, seeking to deploy capital through infrastructure funds and bespoke mandates while pursuing impact elements in its investments.

CIBC is a Canadian multinational bank offering a full range of financial services to individuals, small businesses, corporations, and institutions. Its activities span commercial banking, wealth management, asset management, and investment banking, including corporate and investment banking, equity and debt financing, advisory services, and cross-border banking. The organization operates through divisions such as CIBC Bank (providing retail and commercial banking), CIBC Bank USA (Americas-based commercial banking), CIBC World Markets and CIBC Capital Markets (investment banking and capital markets), and asset management units including CIBC Asset Management and CIBC Global Asset Management. CIBC serves clients across North America with offices in Toronto, Chicago and other international locations, and focuses on serving mid-market companies, high net worth individuals, pension plans, and financial institutions. The bank emphasizes long-standing client relationships, community investment, and a broad geographic footprint in Canada and the United States.

Sequoia Capital is a venture capital firm founded in 1972 and based in Menlo Park, California. It pursues investments across multiple sectors, including information technology, healthcare, manufacturing, mobile, nanotechnology, financial services, internet, energy, media, and retail, and provides early to growth-stage funding coupled with strategic support to help founders build lasting, category-defining companies.

Innovacom is a Paris-based venture capital firm founded in 1988 that concentrates on early-stage technology and digital sector investments. It backs startups across Europe, with some funds extending into North America, targeting software, hardware, telecom, networking, components, and related services and content. Beyond funding, Innovacom provides support and networking to help portfolio companies access strategic industrial partnerships and open-innovation opportunities, aiming to create financial and strategic value for its investments.

Venrock is a Palo Alto-based venture capital firm founded in 1969 as the venture capital arm of the Rockefeller family. It concentrates on seed and early-stage technology and healthcare investments and has backed landmark companies such as Apple Computer, Intel, Illumina, Gilead Sciences, Athenahealth, DoubleClick, Nest, SlideShare, and Tudou. The firm manages multiple funds and maintains a US-focused investment approach, supporting entrepreneurs across information technology, life sciences, and related sectors throughout their growth journey.

Oak Investment Partners is a venture capital and private equity firm founded in 1978 and based in Connecticut. It operates as a multi-stage investor, focusing on high-growth opportunities in information technology, internet and consumer sectors, financial services technology, healthcare information and services, and clean energy. The firm engages in buyouts, growth equity, mid- to late-stage financings, spinouts and PIPE investments in private and public companies, typically targeting investments from about 10 million to 150 million dollars. Oak supports startups, emerging growth companies and recapitalizations, offering deep domain expertise and steady guidance across its portfolio. While primarily investing in the United States, it pursues selective international opportunities in Europe, Israel, India, South Korea and China, and operates from offices in Connecticut and other major U.S. hubs.

Kinetic Ventures is a venture capital firm founded in 1983 that backs early-stage technology and clean-tech companies in the United States. With offices in Chevy Chase, Maryland and Atlanta, Georgia, it pursues seed to growth-stage opportunities across communications, information technology, enterprise software, mobility and power/clean technology, aiming to back world-class, scalable businesses. The firm partners with entrepreneurs to build industry-leading companies and has supported notable portfolio firms in networking, software and clean energy, such as Ciena, Calix, Cerent and SmartSynch. Typical investments range in the low to mid millions, and the firm often seeks a board seat in portfolio companies with exits contemplated through initial public offerings or acquisitions. By leveraging sector expertise and networks, Kinetic Ventures focuses on helping companies improve speed, efficiency, security and energy performance in technology-enabled industries.

Par Equity is a venture capital and private equity firm backed by Scottish Enterprise, based in Edinburgh with an office in San Francisco. It specializes in early‑stage and growth investments in technology companies, including software, deep tech and digital health, targeting opportunities in Scotland, Northern England and Northern Ireland, with cross‑border expansion between the United Kingdom and the United States. The firm funds proprietary technology and proven products poised for international growth, supporting UK companies expanding to the United States and US entrants seeking a UK presence. Typical investments range from £0.25 million to £2.5 million, with enterprise values up to about £10 million. It also provides angel capital to investee companies and focuses on cross‑border deals to accelerate scale.

Allied Minds is a diversified holding company focused on venture creation in life sciences and technology. It forms, funds, and operates a portfolio of companies by leveraging access to hundreds of university and federal labs across the United States. The organization provides capital, central management, and shared services to its portfolio to pursue long-term value for stakeholders. Headquartered in Boston, Allied Minds maintains a nationwide presence with activity in Los Angeles and New York.

Mubadala Investment Company is a sovereign wealth fund owned by the Government of Abu Dhabi that manages a diversified, global portfolio across industries including technology, aerospace, energy, real estate, healthcare, agribusiness, and financial assets. Created in 2017 from the merger of Abu Dhabi investment entities, it pursues long-term value and economic growth for Abu Dhabi by investing domestically and internationally. Headquartered in Abu Dhabi, the company operates with a worldwide presence, maintaining offices in major markets such as Rio de Janeiro, Moscow, New York, and San Francisco, and a joint venture in Hong Kong. It focuses on strategic, value-driven investments spanning multiple sectors and asset classes to support diversification of the emirate’s economy and generate sustainable returns over time.

Qualcomm is a U.S.-based fabless semiconductor company that designs, develops, and markets wireless technologies, processors, connectivity solutions, software, and charging products. Its Snapdragon processors and related platforms serve mobile devices, automotive, and Internet of Things applications, while its technologies span 3G, 4G, and 5G wireless networks, networking, and multimedia. Qualcomm operates through three main activities: chip business providing integrated circuits and system software; licensing of intellectual property for wireless standards; and strategic initiatives investing in early-stage technologies. The company serves industries including automotive, healthcare, smart cities, wearables, and smart homes, and maintains a broad ecosystem that supports developers and partners worldwide.

Ben Franklin Technology Partners of Southeastern Pennsylvania is a non-profit organization founded in 1982 that supports the region's technology ecosystem. Based in Philadelphia, it acts as a capital provider and catalyst for early-stage and growing technology companies across information technology, health, and physical sciences by offering seed-stage funding and related resources to accelerate commercialization. The organization facilitates university–industry partnerships and regional initiatives that connect scientific research with market opportunities, with the aim of creating jobs and strengthening entrepreneurial communities in Southeastern Pennsylvania. Through its programs and partnerships, it supports adoption of new technologies and helps build a robust regional innovation ecosystem.

Adara Ventures is a Madrid-based venture capital firm that backs early-stage technology companies across Europe. The firm focuses on deep-technology sectors such as cybersecurity, data applications and infrastructure, DevOps, hardware components, and digital health, and seeks ambitious founders capable of scaling internationally. It maintains a European footprint, investing across Spain, Portugal, France, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, and supports teams from product development through initial go-to-market stages. By providing early capital and guidance, Adara Ventures aims to accelerate growth for innovative startups at the intersection of software, hardware, and related infrastructure technologies.

Columbia Capital is a Virginia-based investment firm founded in 1989 and based in Alexandria that targets growth-stage technology companies across North America and Western Europe. The firm focuses on enterprise information technology, digital infrastructure, and mobility, and seeks opportunities in information technology, communications, media, and related sectors. It operates as a venture capital investor managing multiple funds and primarily backs companies in the United States and Europe.

Accel is a venture capital firm founded in 1983 by Arthur Patterson and Jim Swartz and headquartered in Palo Alto, California, with additional offices in San Francisco, London and Bangalore. It funds early- and growth-stage technology companies across software, cloud, SaaS, consumer, enterprise IT and related sectors, and it supports portfolio companies as they scale internationally. With a global network and more than three decades of experience, Accel seeks to help entrepreneurs build world-class, category-defining businesses. Notable investments include Atlassian, Facebook, Dropbox, Slack, Spotify, Etsy, Braintree, Cloudera and Qualtrics, among others. Accel operates multiple funds and programs to back companies at different stages, continuing a long track record of backing ambitious technology founders around the world.

Samsung Electronics is a global technology company based in South Korea that designs, manufactures, and sells a wide range of electronics and device solutions. Its portfolio spans consumer electronics (mobile devices, televisions, home appliances, cameras), information technology products (PCs, peripherals, printers), semiconductors, memory and storage, and display technologies. The company also provides telecommunications infrastructure and related services, and conducts extensive research and development to advance core technologies. With a global footprint across Korea, China, the Americas, Europe, and the Asia Pacific, Samsung Electronics is a leading supplier of smartphones, memory chips, and displays, and it coordinates significant manufacturing and supply chain activities to support its varied product lines.

WI Harper Group is a San Francisco-based venture capital firm with a China-focused footprint, including offices in Beijing and Taipei. Founded in 1993, it invests in startup companies across the United States, Greater China, and the Asia Pacific in sectors such as healthcare, biotechnology, artificial intelligence, robotics, fintech, sustainability, and new media. The firm targets early and expansion-stage opportunities, supporting companies from seed to later rounds and helping bridge U.S. and Greater China markets through cross-border expertise.

Castle Island Ventures is a venture capital firm based in Boston that focuses on public blockchains, their infrastructure, and related applications. The firm backs companies creating infrastructure and application solutions to enable blockchain protocols to power scalable services for a broad user base.

Refactor Capital is a Burlingame, California-based venture capital firm focusing on seed- and early-stage investments in hard technology, biotechnology, health, climate, and related sectors. The firm is led by Zal Bilimoria, a former partner at Andreessen Horowitz and a veteran product and engineering executive with experience at Google, Netflix, and LinkedIn, who typically leads seed rounds with checks in the 1–2 million range.

Established in 2020, the European Innovation Council supports innovative startups and researchers with promising ideas, focusing on early-stage companies with positive environmental, social, or governance impacts. It co-invests alongside private investors.

Sevin Rosen Funds is a venture capital investment firm headquartered in Dallas, Texas, founded in 1981. It focuses on identifying and supporting early-stage technology startups by leveraging experienced technology executives on its team. The firm prioritizes active, team-oriented involvement in the company-building process through stages of development, and emphasizes evaluating technology trends to back what will transform industries, with a reputation for honesty and fairness in relationships.

Panasonic Venture Group is the corporate venture capital arm of Panasonic. It began operation in 1998 and is headquartered in Cupertino, California.

Promus Ventures is a Chicago-based venture capital firm, founded in 2012, with an additional office in San Francisco. It specializes in early-stage investments in software and deep-tech companies, including analytics, data-driven products and services, mobile, digital media, tools, connected web, and hardware. The firm typically targets seed and Series A rounds and pursues opportunities globally, supporting visionary founding teams as they commercialize innovative technologies.

Andreessen Horowitz is a venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California. Founded in 2009 by Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz, it funds software and technology companies across seed to growth stages, with emphasis on web and mobile applications, cloud infrastructure, enterprise software, fintech, consumer Internet, artificial intelligence, and biotech-adjacent ventures. The firm focuses on technology-enabled businesses and provides strategic support and networks to portfolio companies.

Indian Angel Network is an investor network founded in 2006 that brings together successful entrepreneurs and CEOs from India and around the world who are interested in investing in startup and early-stage ventures with the potential to create disproportionate value. The network provides capital as well as mentoring, broad networks, and inputs on strategy and execution, helping members assess potential and risks at the early stage.

Picus Capital is an early-stage technology investment firm headquartered in Munich that pursues a long-term, flexible capital approach. It targets pre-seed, seed and Series A rounds across sectors including financial services, HR, energy and climate, healthcare, logistics and mobility, real estate and construction, crypto and web3, deeptech and e-commerce. The firm works closely with ambitious founders to help build category leaders by offering strategic guidance and operational support, including marketing and sales expertise, talent access, and connections to its broad B2B and investor network to assist fundraising. With a philosophy of staying engaged throughout the lifecycle of portfolio companies, Picus Capital has backed more than 50 ventures to date, combining disciplined investment thinking with entrepreneurial pragmatism.

Energy Growth Momentum is a London-based growth and expansion firm and data provider that tracks the flow of capital across private and public markets, from angel and seed investments through VC and PE rounds to M&A and IPOs. It records details on the participants and transactions, including the companies, investors, and service providers involved, as well as deal sizes, pre- and post-money valuations, multiples, EBITDA, and funding terms. The firm has a focus on the energy sector, offering insights into capital movements, deal dynamics, and market structure.

BDC Venture Capital is a major Canadian venture capital investor that engages across the development cycle from seed to expansion, concentrating on technology-based companies with high growth potential that can become market leaders. It supports the growth of Canadian businesses through financing, consulting services, and securitization, with a focus on small and mid-sized enterprises. Since its inception in 1975, it has invested in more than 400 companies spanning life sciences, telecommunications, information technology, and advanced technologies, aiming to foster innovation and scale across the Canadian economy.

Atlas Venture is a Cambridge, Massachusetts–based venture capital firm founded in 1980 that specializes in life sciences and technology. It pursues seed-led venture creation and early-stage investments to build scalable companies in biopharmaceuticals, diagnostics, medical devices, and related biomedical technologies, as well as software and other technology sectors. The firm often leads investments and seeks board representation to support portfolio companies as they grow toward acquisition or public offerings. Atlas operates with dedicated life sciences and technology teams and maintains an international footprint across the United States and Europe.

Garage Capital is an early-stage venture capital firm based in Waterloo, Canada, founded in 2013 and focused on investing in Canadian companies.