The U.S. Department of Energy is a government agency established in 1977, located in Washington, D.C. Its primary mission is to ensure the security and prosperity of the nation by tackling energy, environmental, and nuclear challenges. The Department focuses on promoting transformative scientific and technological solutions to address these issues, thereby supporting the country's energy needs and environmental sustainability.

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency established in 1950 and based in Alexandria, Virginia. It is dedicated to supporting research and education in science and engineering across a wide range of disciplines. The NSF provides significant non-dilutive funding, up to $1.5 million, to startups and small businesses through its America's Seed Fund initiative, which is part of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program mandated by Congress. With an operating budget of approximately $7.8 billion, the NSF is committed to advancing fundamental research and education, thus fostering innovation and technological development in the United States.

SOSV, established in 1995 and headquartered in Princeton, New Jersey, is a global venture capital firm specializing in early-stage investments. It focuses on deep tech innovations in the health and environmental sectors, supporting founders with breakthrough technologies through its HAX and IndieBio startup development programs. SOSV provides resources, facilities, and lab equipment to accelerate product development and scale, with a track record of helping its portfolio companies secure subsequent funding rounds led by top-tier investors.

The European Innovation Council (EIC), established in 2020 and headquartered in Brussels, Belgium, is dedicated to supporting high-potential innovators, entrepreneurs, small enterprises, and researchers. Its primary focus is on fostering early-stage startups that demonstrate significant environmental, social, and governance (ESG) impacts. The EIC collaborates with private investors to co-invest in ventures, particularly within the deep technology sector, aiming to drive innovation and sustainable development across Europe. By providing financial backing and resources, the EIC seeks to enhance the growth potential of promising startups and contribute to a more innovative and competitive European economy.

EASME is a European Union executive agency that supports small and medium-sized enterprises and promotes innovation in Europe. It manages projects in the areas of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as the environment, energy, and maritime sectors, funded by COSME, LIFE, and EMFF. EASME organizes the European Sustainable Energy Week and serves industries such as environmental management, energy production, and maritime activities.

HAX is a venture capital program focused on accelerating hardware startups through its comprehensive support and resources. Founded in 2012 and headquartered in Newark, New Jersey, HAX operates in two key locations, San Francisco and Shenzhen, providing founders with an environment conducive to rapid prototyping and iterative development. The program emphasizes the importance of launching both B2C and B2B hardware startups, guiding them through critical phases such as business development, fundraising, and market entry. HAX accepts teams that demonstrate strong potential for scaling their ventures and solving significant technological challenges. Through a structured curriculum, entrepreneurs refine their product-market fit and business strategies while benefiting from a robust network of mentors and industry connections. HAX maintains an ongoing relationship with participating startups to support their growth beyond the initial program, ensuring they have the necessary resources and partnerships to succeed in the competitive marketplace.

MassChallenge is a global nonprofit startup accelerator headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, established in 2009. It supports early-stage entrepreneurs across various industries, including technology, healthcare, and social impact, by providing mentorship, resources, and networking opportunities. With locations in Israel, Mexico, Switzerland, Texas, and the UK, MassChallenge connects high-potential startups with industry experts and investors to foster innovation and facilitate growth. The accelerator operates on a non-equity model, allowing entrepreneurs to maintain full ownership of their companies while benefiting from strategic partnerships and tailored training programs. Through its diverse initiatives, such as targeted accelerator programs like MassChallenge HealthTech and FinTech, the organization aims to drive impactful change and enhance the global innovation ecosystem.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a leading biomedical research facility in the United States, operating under the Department of Health and Human Services. Established in 1887 and based in Bethesda, Maryland, NIH is the primary agency responsible for biomedical and health-related research in the country. It comprises 27 separate institutes and centers, each focusing on different disciplines within biomedical science. NIH conducts its own scientific research through the Intramural Research Program and provides significant funding for research at external institutions via the Extramural Research Program. With a workforce that includes 1,200 principal investigators and over 4,000 postdoctoral fellows, NIH has been instrumental in major medical breakthroughs, such as the development of vaccines for hepatitis and human papillomavirus, as well as the discovery of treatments for various health conditions. As the world's largest source of medical research funding, NIH continues to advance scientific knowledge and contribute to public health improvements.

Innovate UK is a non-departmental public body established in 2007 and based in Swindon, United Kingdom. Funded by a government grant, it supports innovation in science and technology by providing funding services to businesses across various sectors and regions. The organization aims to drive productivity and economic growth by facilitating advancements that contribute to the UK’s economic landscape. In addition to funding, Innovate UK offers a range of services and information related to business and economic development, thereby fostering a supportive environment for innovation.

Venture Kick is a private philanthropic initiative based in Zurich, Switzerland, founded in 2007 to support Swiss startups at the pre-seed stage. It provides up to 150,000 Swiss francs in funding and offers structured entrepreneurial training aimed at developing sustainable businesses. Entrepreneurs participate in a competitive process, pitching their ideas up to three times for increasing funding amounts, while receiving valuable feedback from expert juries. To date, Venture Kick has supported 600 startup projects with a total of 24.9 million francs, leading to the incorporation of 454 active companies that have created over 6,000 jobs and attracted approximately 2.49 billion francs in subsequent investments. Companies founded by Venture Kick alumni have notably achieved significant recognition, with 55 percent of the TOP 100 Swiss Startup Award in 2018 represented by these ventures. In 2019, the initiative aimed to allocate 4.35 million francs to support idea-stage projects, facilitating the transition of Swiss scientific innovations to global markets.

MassVentures is a venture capital firm based in Waltham, Massachusetts, established in 1978 as a quasi-public corporation by the Massachusetts Legislature. The firm focuses on providing seed and early-stage funding to high-growth startups, facilitating their transition from concept to commercialization. MassVentures invests primarily in sectors such as information technology, healthcare, cybersecurity, e-commerce, mobile, manufacturing, and robotics. With a governance structure that includes an independent Board of Directors and management by experienced venture capitalists, MassVentures leverages the state's entrepreneurial spirit and innovation centers to support the Massachusetts innovation economy. The firm also offers accelerator programs to further assist emerging companies in their growth journey.

IndieBio, established in 2014, is a San Francisco-based accelerator firm specializing in Synthetic Biology. It runs intensive four-month programs for early-stage companies and teams with innovative biological concepts. IndieBio invests in seed and early-stage startups globally, focusing on those that use biology as their core technology to solve real-world problems. The firm typically invests $250k, with an initial cash investment of $50k in exchange for an 8% equity stake. It prefers teams with at least two co-founders. IndieBio was the world's first accelerator dedicated to biology-based startups, aiming to address global challenges through innovative biotechnology.

Bpifrance is a financial institution dedicated to supporting companies throughout their development stages, particularly those preparing for stock market listing and seeking credit equity. The organization provides a range of financial solutions, including financing, innovation assistance, and capital investment. By integrating various entities such as OSEO and CDC Entreprises, Bpifrance aims to deliver tailored financial support that addresses the specific needs of businesses. The institution is committed to fostering innovation and helping companies transition toward sustainable growth, ensuring they are well-equipped to face future challenges.

Alumni Ventures Group, LLC is a venture capital firm based in Manchester, New Hampshire, founded in 2013. The firm specializes in seed and early-stage investments, as well as late-stage pre-IPO opportunities, with a flexible approach that is sector and geographic agnostic. Alumni Ventures aims to provide high-quality, diversified venture portfolios to individual investors, particularly accredited alumni from top entrepreneurial schools, who may not have had access to venture capital previously. The firm focuses on backing companies that have an alumni connection and are led by established institutional investors with expertise in their respective fields. Additionally, Alumni Ventures offers focused funds that enable accredited investors to access a diverse portfolio of investments across various types, sectors, stages, and geographies.

TEDCO is an independent organization established in 1998 and located in Columbia, Maryland. It serves as the leading source of entrepreneurial business assistance and seed funding for the development of startup companies within Maryland's innovation economy. TEDCO focuses on early-stage companies across various sectors, including software, technology, energy equipment, life sciences, and oncology. Its mission is to foster innovation and economic growth in Maryland by supporting the growth of startups and enhancing the state's position in the entrepreneurial landscape.

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is an independent non-profit organization based in Seattle, Washington, established in 2000. It is dedicated to reducing global inequities by focusing on improving health, alleviating extreme poverty, and supporting educational initiatives. The foundation also engages in community giving within the Pacific Northwest, promoting strategies and programs that assist low-income families. With regional offices in Washington, D.C.; New Delhi, India; Beijing, China; and London, United Kingdom, the foundation is governed by its co-founders, Bill and Melinda Gates, along with trustee Warren Buffett. Its mission encompasses a wide range of global challenges, aiming to create lasting change through targeted grant-making and programmatic efforts.

Almi Invest, established in 2009, is a prominent Swedish venture capital firm headquartered in Stockholm. It specializes in early-stage investments, focusing on scalable startups across sectors such as Sustainability, Industry, Tech, and Life Science. With €430 million under management and over 1,000 investments since inception, the firm co-invests with independent private investors to accelerate innovation and long-term success. Almi Invest's portfolio spans sustainable solutions, industrial innovation, deep tech, SaaS, and life science, supporting startups that drive economic and environmental progress. Notable exits include MIPS, Tobii, and Neo4j to tech giants like Google, Apple, and Microsoft. Beyond capital, Almi Invest offers engaged ownership, providing strategic guidance, active board participation, and access to an extensive investor network. It is part of the Almi Group and is funded by the European Regional Development Fund, Almi AB, and regional partners.

Grid Exponential, founded in 2017 and based in Buenos Aires, Argentina, operates as the first science-based company builder in Latin America. The firm addresses the challenges associated with technology transfer and investment in the region, which has historically hindered the development of successful science-driven enterprises. By establishing a new technology transfer process, Grid Exponential aims to create high-impact, global, disruptive, and sustainable companies across various sectors, including environment, energy, materials, food, diagnostics, agriculture, tools, and health. The organization focuses on building a bridge between innovative scientific research and market applications, fostering the growth of companies that have the potential to make significant contributions to society.

Supernova Invest, established in 1999, is a Paris-based private equity and venture capital firm with additional offices in Grenoble. It manages a €800m fund, Supernova 2, founded in 2017. The firm specializes in early-stage investments, focusing on deep technology companies across sectors such as healthcare, industry 4.0, energy & environment, and digital technologies. It provides patient capital and expertise to support high-growth startups, with a track record of successful exits through IPOs and M&As. Supernova Invest partners with CEA Investissement to offer startups access to the CEA network and services.

BeAble Capital, established in 2016 and based in Madrid, Spain, is a venture capital management company that specializes in the pre-seed, seed, and early stages of company development. It focuses on identifying, valuing, launching, and advancing technologies in sectors such as advanced materials, nanotechnology, biotechnology, photonics, micro and nano electronics, and information and communications technologies. BeAble Capital serves as a bridge between the scientific, entrepreneurial, and investment communities to facilitate technology transfer and the establishment of technology-driven startups. The company emphasizes strong intellectual property and projects with extensive research and development backgrounds. Its approach provides value at various stages of development by offering support in technology identification, valuation, company creation, fundraising, marketing, international expansion, and administrative and managerial expertise.

The Creative Destruction Lab (CDL) is a seed-stage acceleration program founded in 2012 at the Rotman School of Management in Toronto, Canada. It is dedicated to supporting massively scalable, science- and technology-based ventures by providing a unique coaching process focused on specific objectives. CDL connects startups with experienced entrepreneurs and leading scientists across various sectors, including artificial intelligence, healthcare, quantum computing, blockchain, energy, and cleantech. The program has expanded its reach, operating in six cities: Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto, Montreal, Halifax, and New York City, and emphasizes the commercialization of scientific and technological advancements.

General Motors, established in 2009, is a multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Detroit, Michigan. It specializes in the manufacture and sale of cars, trucks, and vans, offering a wide range of models including sedans, SUVs, pick-up trucks, and hybrid vehicles. The company operates globally, with a significant presence in the United States, China, Brazil, and Europe. In addition to vehicle production, General Motors provides parts and accessories, vehicle safety and security services, and offers used vehicles. The company also has an investment arm, GM Ventures, which focuses on growth-stage companies in areas such as advanced propulsion, connected vehicles, and advanced materials, aiming to foster innovation in the automotive industry. General Motors is among the world's largest automakers by vehicle unit sales and has a rich history, having led global vehicle sales for 77 consecutive years.

Ben Franklin Technology Partners of Southeastern Pennsylvania, established in 1982, is a non-profit organization that fosters technological innovation and growth in the region. It primarily invests in early-stage technology companies, having supported over 1,750 such ventures since its inception. The organization also facilitates university-industry partnerships to accelerate scientific discoveries to market, and initiates regional programs to bolster the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Its mission is to create jobs and transform lives by leading the region's technology community to new heights.

Entrepreneur First is a London-based venture capital firm established in 2011, with offices in five cities across three continents. It uniquely invests in high-potential individuals, helping them find co-founders, develop ideas, and secure funding to build globally significant technology companies. With a portfolio of over 300 companies, including notable successes like Tractable and Magic Pony Technology, and a global alumni network of over 5000, Entrepreneur First has a combined portfolio value of over $5 billion. Backed by prominent tech founders and investors, the firm focuses on the software and technology sectors.

Foothill Ventures is a venture capital investment firm based in Los Altos, California, that focuses on seed-stage and early-stage technology companies. Founded in 2011, it primarily invests in a diverse range of sectors, including healthcare, information technology, cybersecurity, big data, robotics, life sciences, and various emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain. The firm aims to support innovative startups in the United States, leveraging its expertise to help them grow and succeed in competitive markets. As a Registered Investment Adviser, Foothill Ventures is committed to identifying and nurturing promising technology-driven ventures.

Samsung Ventures, established in 1999, is a corporate venture capital arm of Samsung Electronics, headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The firm invests globally in emerging technology companies, with a focus on semiconductors, mobile services, internet, software, security, enterprise solutions, bioengineering, and medical sectors. Its investment portfolio spans early-stage startups to pre-IPO companies, with an annual investment budget of $250 million and over $1.8 billion under management. Samsung Ventures operates from key innovation hubs worldwide, including the San Francisco Bay Area, Boston, London, Tel Aviv, Bangalore, Tokyo, and Beijing, to identify and support pioneering startups in areas such as AI, robotics, augmented/virtual reality, and digital health.

MedTech Innovator is a nonprofit global competition and accelerator based in Los Angeles, California, founded in 2013. It focuses on supporting companies in the medical device, digital health, and diagnostic sectors. The organization aims to enhance patient outcomes by fostering the growth of businesses that contribute to the transformation of the healthcare system. Each year, MedTech Innovator showcases 100 companies that align with key themes identified through surveys of industry leaders. The accelerator's diverse portfolio includes firms involved in consumer healthcare, imaging, remote patient monitoring, clinical studies, and workflow optimization, emphasizing its commitment to advancing innovative healthcare solutions.

The European Investment Bank (EIB), established in 1958, is a long-term lending institution owned by the EU Member States. Headquartered in Luxembourg, it offers a wide range of financing solutions, including project loans, loans to banks and intermediaries, venture capital funds, and equity investments. EIB also provides structured finance products, guarantees, and securitization instruments, along with advisory services for infrastructure projects, urban development, and small to medium-sized enterprises. Its portfolio is predominantly composed of loans (93.08%), with a small portion allocated to debt and fixed income, shares, and other assets. EIB's mission is to support European integration and social cohesion, primarily within the European Union and internationally.

VenBio, established in 2011, is a San Francisco-based venture capital firm specializing in life science investments across various stages, from early to late, in the United States. The firm focuses on drug discovery and works closely with its portfolio companies, providing expertise and support to enhance their impact and position them for potential acquisitions. VenBio's team engages in building syndicates and teams, and considers potential acquirers from the outset, ensuring companies are well-prepared in areas such as intellectual property, clinical trials, and regulatory requirements.

BOM invests in innovative start-ups and growth companies. BOM objectives include improved economic growth, increased employment, and solutions to social problems. They offer expertise, resources, and connections through their network to create and finance renewable energy projects.

Sanofi Oncology, a division of global healthcare company Sanofi, focuses on developing and delivering innovative treatments for various types of cancer. With a rich heritage in oncology, Sanofi Oncology leverages its extensive knowledge base to research and treat cancer from multiple angles, addressing diverse patient needs and disease stages. The company's portfolio includes therapies for rare diseases, immunology, and cardiovascular conditions, among others. Sanofi's commitment to patients drives its strategy to create long-term value through innovative treatments, from research and development to manufacturing and marketing.

Chalmers Ventures AB is a venture capital firm based in Gothenburg, Sweden, specializing in the incubation, seed, early venture, and growth capital stages of investment. Founded in 1997, the firm focuses on companies with a clear connection to the Gothenburg region and Sweden, particularly in sectors such as information and communications technology, new materials, environmental engineering, medical technology, and biotechnology. Chalmers Ventures does not invest in industries related to weapons or drugs. The firm typically invests between SEK 0.05 million and SEK 10 million, with a maximum investment limit of SEK 15 million per company across all phases. It prefers to take minority stakes in companies, particularly those that have participated in its incubation and accelerator programs. Additionally, Chalmers Ventures engages in coaching and business development to support the growth of its portfolio companies.

Takwin is a venture capital firm and incubator based in Haifa, Israel, established in 2015. It focuses on early-stage investments in high-tech companies led by Arab entrepreneurs within Israel. The firm aims to foster the startup spirit in Arab Israeli communities by empowering these entrepreneurs to develop successful businesses. Takwin is notable for being the first venture capital entity located in northern Israel and operates Takwin Labs, which serves as a specialized infrastructure for local entrepreneurs and startups. The firm takes a proactive investment approach, assisting entrepreneurs in refining their business plans, products, and strategies before formal investment, leveraging its expertise in the startup ecosystem. Areas of interest for Takwin include autonomous vehicles, agriculture technology, seismology, nanotechnology, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.

Innovation Industries, established in 2017, is a Dutch venture capital firm that invests in early-stage, high-tech, med-tech, and agri-foodtech companies. Based in Amsterdam, the firm manages multiple funds, including Innovation Industries Fund I, II, and III, with a focus on the Netherlands market. They provide capital up to EUR 25 million, typically taking minority stakes. Innovation Industries is known for its hands-on approach, actively supporting portfolio companies to strengthen their value proposition, accelerate time-to-market, and forge global strategic partnerships. The firm aims to be more than just a financial investor, acting as a partner to entrepreneurs and other stakeholders, helping to create and grow ventures.

High-Tech Gründerfonds Management GmbH is a venture capital firm based in Bonn, Germany, specializing in early-stage investments in high-tech startups. Established in 2005, the firm focuses on technology-driven companies across various sectors, including information and communication technology, life sciences, healthcare, automation, and cleantech. HTGF typically invests in companies that have been operational for no more than one year, aiming to contribute up to €0.6 million in initial funding and up to €3 million in follow-on financing. The firm seeks a minority stake, generally around 15%, and provides a subordinated loan convertible into equity, with deferred interest for up to four years to support liquidity. With a total investment volume of approximately €895.5 million across three funds, HTGF has successfully supported over 500 startups and attracted more than €2 billion in follow-on investments from external sources. The firm's investors include notable public and private entities, underscoring its role as a key player in fostering innovation and growth within the German startup ecosystem.

DT Capital Partners, established in 2006, is a Shanghai-based venture capital and private equity firm. It specializes in providing growth capital to early and expansion-stage companies, primarily in China. The firm invests across various sectors, including advanced manufacturing, technology, healthcare, and clean energy. DT Capital Partners is known for its extensive experience in operating capital markets, close relationships with local governments, and synergies with other investment companies. It manages over USD$500 million across multiple funds and has a close affiliation with Madrone Capital in the US. The firm was recognized as one of China's top venture capital institutions in 2016.

Kyoto University Innovation Capital Co., Ltd. (Kyoto iCAP) is a venture capital firm established in December 2014, wholly funded by Kyoto University. Located in Kyoto, Japan, the firm focuses on providing investment and support to startups emerging from Kyoto University, with an emphasis on commercializing research outcomes and technologies developed by its researchers. Kyoto iCAP specializes in various sectors, including healthcare, medical devices, biotechnology, drug discovery, internet of things, artificial intelligence, machinery, clean technology, energy, new materials, food, and agriculture. The firm aims to bridge the gap between academic research and marketable innovations, fostering the growth of spin-off companies that leverage the university's intellectual assets.

The California Energy Commission serves as the state's primary energy policy and planning agency, established by the Legislature in 1974 and headquartered in Sacramento. Its responsibilities encompass forecasting future energy needs, maintaining historical energy data, and licensing thermal power plants with capacities of 50 megawatts or greater. The Commission promotes energy efficiency by establishing appliance and building standards, collaborating with local governments to ensure compliance. It also supports public interest energy research and the development of renewable energy technologies through various incentives, including those for solar systems in new home construction and small wind installations. Additionally, the Commission implements the Alternative and Renewable Fuel and Vehicle Technology Program and coordinates the state's response to energy emergencies. Through these initiatives, the Commission aims to provide Californians with affordable, reliable, and environmentally sustainable energy choices.

Oriza Seed Venture Capital, located in Suzhou Industrial Park, is held by Suzhou Oriza Holdings Ltd. Oriza Seed is a market-oriented investment platform. It looks for investment opportunities among early-stage and growth-stage enterprises in the fields of Healthcare and TMT. Oriza Seed has ample resources and experiences investing in the healthcare field. By late March 2016, Oriza Seed has invested in more than 50 healthcare companies, including Ascentage Pharma, Innovent Biologics, and SceneRay Corporation.

Extantia Capital is a climate-first venture capital firm dedicated to advancing the transition to a decarbonized world. The company focuses on investing in deep decarbonization technologies that aim to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Extantia seeks to identify and support mission-driven entrepreneurs and innovative companies with the potential to become "Gigacorns," defined as firms capable of saving over 1 gigaton of CO2e emissions annually. The firm evaluates investment opportunities based on their ability to deliver substantial CO2e reductions, targeting companies that can directly or indirectly mitigate at least 100 megatons of emissions each year. With more than €100 million in assets under management, Extantia Capital employs dual investment strategies: Extantia Flagship, which supports scalable deep decarbonization technologies, and Extantia Allstars, which invests in climate-focused venture capital funds. Through these efforts, Extantia aims to promote sustainable practices that benefit both the planet and humanity.

Applied Ventures, LLC, established in 2001, is the venture capital arm of Applied Materials, Inc., a global leader in nanomanufacturing technology solutions for the electronics industry. Based in Santa Clara, California, Applied Ventures invests in early-stage technology companies that align with its parent's core expertise in semiconductors, displays, solar PV, and related products. The firm seeks innovative startups in advanced materials, display technologies, energy conservation, artificial intelligence, life sciences, and sustainability sectors, aiming to profitably invest in high-growth, high-return opportunities that complement and extend Applied Materials' core business.

Addor Capital is a growth capital investment firm established in 2014 and located in Nanjing, China. The firm specializes in providing investment services by financing early-stage ventures and acquiring securities of various companies. Addor Capital focuses on a diverse range of sectors, including clean technology, health, new materials, advanced manufacturing, consumer services, cultural industries, and technology, media, and telecommunications. Its investment strategy encompasses seed-stage, early-stage, later-stage, and growth-stage companies, primarily within China.

Par Equity, established in 2008, is a venture capital firm headquartered in Edinburgh, Scotland. It specializes in investing in early-stage, high-growth technology companies based in Northern England, Northern Ireland, and Scotland.

RUSNANO is a principal investment firm based in Moscow, Russia, focused on the commercialization of high-tech projects and nanotechnology investments. Established in 2007, RUSNANO aims to develop the Russian nanotechnology industry through direct investments in private equity and venture capital, as well as fund investments. The firm prioritizes projects in sectors such as scientific research, new materials, biotechnology, energy, and robotics, with a particular interest in initiatives that will establish or modernize manufacturing facilities within Russia. RUSNANO seeks to invest in projects projected to generate significant revenue within five years and often co-invests alongside other partners. It operates through various modes of investment, including equity stakes, loans, and credit guarantees. Additionally, RUSNANO has a subsidiary, RUSNANO USA, Inc., which focuses on middle and late-stage companies in North America that support global technology development in fields such as semiconductors and advanced materials.

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., established in 1869, is a global leader in investment banking, securities, and investment management. It operates in four primary segments: Investment Banking, Institutional Client Services, Investing & Lending, and Investment Management. The company provides a wide range of services, including financial advisory services for mergers and acquisitions, underwriting services for various securities, client execution services for fixed income, currencies, commodities, and equities, securities services, and wealth advisory services. It serves a diverse client base comprising corporations, financial institutions, governments, and high-net-worth individuals. Additionally, Goldman Sachs invests in a broad array of asset classes, including debt securities, equity securities, real estate, and private equity, demonstrating its commitment to driving growth and innovation across industries.

PreIPO is a private equity fund that offers investors the opportunity to invest in pre-IPO companies. By providing access to companies before they go public, PreIPO allows investors to potentially benefit from the growth and success of these companies. With a focus on private equity, PreIPO aims to provide investors with unique investment opportunities in promising companies that are not yet available on the public market.

Cowin Capital, established in 2000, is a Shenzhen-based private equity firm specializing in early-stage investments. With 18 years of experience, it focuses on supporting the growth of small and medium enterprises, primarily in the energy, communication, electronics, and environmental protection sectors. Cowin Capital takes a long-term approach, aiming to create value through strategic partnerships and operational support. It has successfully invested in over 300 companies, with 60 becoming publicly listed and 150 achieving successful exits. Notably, Cowin Capital was one of the first venture capital institutions to be listed on the New Third Board (NEEQ) in China.

Parkwalk Advisors, established in 2009 and headquartered in London, is a venture capital firm specializing in investing in UK-based technology companies spun out from universities. The firm focuses on sectors such as AI, big data, life science, materials, cleantech, medtech, and quantum computing, typically investing between £2.5 million and £10 million. Parkwalk seeks to generate capital gains for its investors, enhanced by attractive tax reliefs like the Enterprise Investment Scheme (EIS). It operates as a subsidiary of IP Group Plc since 2017, with combined net assets of £1.2 billion as of March 2019.

Northern Light Venture Capital, established in 2005, is a China-focused venture capital firm headquartered in Menlo Park, California. Led by a team of experienced local Chinese and "returnee" executives, the firm manages multiple funds totaling approximately US$1.5 billion. Northern Light invests in early and growth-stage opportunities across information technology, new media, TMT, clean technologies, consumer services, and healthcare sectors. Notable portfolio companies include Meituan.com and Kaixin001.com. The firm targets innovative and disruptive technologies that leverage China's resources to build global enterprises.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is a United States government agency established in 1958, primarily in response to advancements in space exploration by the Soviet Union. Originating from the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics, NASA has a long history of advancing aeronautics and astronautics. It gained prominence for its Apollo program, which successfully landed humans on the moon in 1969. NASA has since been instrumental in various space missions, including the development of the space shuttle, which provided regular access to space from 1981 until its retirement in 2011. The agency plays a key role in the International Space Station, furthering human presence in space through international collaboration. In addition to manned missions, NASA conducts extensive scientific research, exploring planets like Mars and monitoring Earth's climate through satellites. Its aeronautics teams continue to innovate in creating safer and more efficient aircraft. Overall, NASA's work aims to expand human knowledge and capabilities in space while contributing to advancements that benefit life on Earth.