European Investment Fund (EIF) is a public institution established in 1994 to improve access to finance for Europe's small and medium-sized businesses. It designs and develops venture capital and guarantee instruments to support SMEs and to catalyse private investment, aiming to build a robust European equity ecosystem. EIF engages in venture capital, growth capital, and guarantee operations, backing innovative entrepreneurs primarily in technology and life sciences, as well as across other sectors. Through cornerstone investments and fund participation, EIF seeks to crowd in private investors and stimulate venture activity across Europe. Its equity portfolio has grown substantially, with assets under management exceeding EUR 14 billion, reflecting its broad role in strengthening SME finance and supporting entrepreneurship and growth.

Qualcomm is a U.S.-based fabless semiconductor company that designs, develops, and markets wireless technologies, processors, connectivity solutions, software, and charging products. Its Snapdragon processors and related platforms serve mobile devices, automotive, and Internet of Things applications, while its technologies span 3G, 4G, and 5G wireless networks, networking, and multimedia. Qualcomm operates through three main activities: chip business providing integrated circuits and system software; licensing of intellectual property for wireless standards; and strategic initiatives investing in early-stage technologies. The company serves industries including automotive, healthcare, smart cities, wearables, and smart homes, and maintains a broad ecosystem that supports developers and partners worldwide.

Cisco Systems is a global technology company that designs, manufactures and sells networking hardware, software and related services. It offers routers, switches, network security products, wireless and mobility solutions, collaboration tools, data center technologies and observability software. Cisco serves businesses, organizations, service providers and individuals to build and manage networks, enable communications and enhance connectivity across industries. The company provides services in addition to its products, including technical assistance and advanced services, and manufacturing is largely outsourced with a large worldwide sales and marketing presence. With about 80,000 employees, Cisco is a leading provider of networking equipment and software, with a broad portfolio that includes security, collaboration (Webex) and enterprise networking solutions.

Sequoia Capital is a venture capital firm founded in 1972 and based in Menlo Park, California. It pursues investments across multiple sectors, including information technology, healthcare, manufacturing, mobile, nanotechnology, financial services, internet, energy, media, and retail, and provides early to growth-stage funding coupled with strategic support to help founders build lasting, category-defining companies.

New Enterprise Associates is a U.S.-based venture capital firm founded in 1977 and headquartered in Menlo Park, California. It invests in technology and healthcare companies across stages and geographies, supporting startups from seed to growth. The firm operates globally with investments in the United States, Asia, and Brazil among others, and has a long track record of portfolio IPOs and acquisitions. It has over $19 billion in cumulative committed capital.

Established in 2020, the European Innovation Council supports innovative startups and researchers with promising ideas, focusing on early-stage companies with positive environmental, social, or governance impacts. It co-invests alongside private investors.

Accel is a venture capital firm founded in 1983 by Arthur Patterson and Jim Swartz and headquartered in Palo Alto, California, with additional offices in San Francisco, London and Bangalore. It funds early- and growth-stage technology companies across software, cloud, SaaS, consumer, enterprise IT and related sectors, and it supports portfolio companies as they scale internationally. With a global network and more than three decades of experience, Accel seeks to help entrepreneurs build world-class, category-defining businesses. Notable investments include Atlassian, Facebook, Dropbox, Slack, Spotify, Etsy, Braintree, Cloudera and Qualtrics, among others. Accel operates multiple funds and programs to back companies at different stages, continuing a long track record of backing ambitious technology founders around the world.

IMM Investment is a Seoul-based independent private equity and venture capital firm established in 1999. The company engages in mezzanine and growth investments and pursues opportunities in mergers and acquisitions, venture capital, corporate restructuring, private equity, industry consolidation, management buyouts, spin-offs, recapitalizations, and cross-border transactions. It concentrates on medium-sized companies operating in information technology infrastructure, wireless communications, software, contents, and other technology-enabled sectors, with a particular emphasis on information technology, healthcare/biotech, and manufacturing. The firm typically takes an active role in governance and strategic direction and focuses on opportunities within South Korea and cross-border contexts. IMM Investment aims to support portfolio companies through growth, expansion, and consolidation, leveraging its long-standing relationships with institutional investors and investment professionals.

Verizon Communications is a United States telecommunications company that provides data, wireless and internet services to consumers, businesses, and government entities. It operates 4G LTE and 3G networks and offers wireless plans, fixed broadband, and media and information services, together with enterprise products such as private networking, cloud connectivity, unified communications, and security. The company serves mass market, business, government and wholesale customers and maintains a broad portfolio of devices and services, including IoT solutions and value-added services. Based in New York, Verizon emphasizes connectivity and digital solutions across industries and maintains a venture arm to support early-stage technology development and a foundation focused on education and community initiatives.

Mayfield Fund is a global venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California, founded in 1969. It concentrates on early-stage technology companies across enterprise software, information technology, consumer tech, semiconductors, and health tech fields, including human and planetary health. The firm partners with founders from inception to help build iconic companies, drawing on extensive operational experience and a broad network. Mayfield has backed hundreds of companies, resulting in numerous IPOs and mergers and acquisitions, and maintains a global investment footprint with a focus on scalable technology businesses.

Shenzhen Capital Group is a government-backed venture capital firm established by the Shenzhen Government in 1999. It focuses on cultivating national industries and brands, promoting economic transformation, and developing emerging sectors. The firm invests primarily in small to medium-sized enterprises and innovative high-tech companies across start-up, growth, and transformation stages, targeting industries aligned with national policies such as information technology, internet and new media, biopharma, new energy, environmental protection, chemical engineering, new materials, high-end equipment manufacturing, consumer goods, and modern services. Through its portfolio, it aims to build national champions and support industrial upgrading in China, leveraging its capital base to support long-term value creation.

Lightspeed Venture Partners is a global venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California, with additional offices in Beijing, Shanghai, New Delhi, and Israel. The firm backs early and growth stage start-ups across sectors such as enterprise software, consumer technology, fintech, healthtech, cleantech, and information technology, and pursues opportunities in the United States, Asia, and Israel. It funds a broad range of rounds, including seed, early, later, and expansion, and also provides debt financing for start-ups and growth companies. Lightspeed focuses on helping entrepreneurs scale through capital, strategic guidance, and operational support, and maintains a diversified portfolio across enterprise, consumer, big data, mobile, and internet-enabled sectors.

Morningside is a Boston-based investment firm founded in 1986 as a family office for the Chan family. It makes venture capital investments in companies with novel science and technology, with deep expertise in life sciences, digital health, artificial intelligence, materials, and technology. The firm takes a long-term approach to building companies and emphasizes ethical conduct. In addition to its investment activities, Morningside supports charitable initiatives in education, research and healthcare, including collaborations with Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, UMass Chan Medical School, and the MIT Morningside Academy for Design.

Bessemer Venture Partners is a global venture capital firm founded in 1911 and headquartered in Redwood City, California. It backs startups across seed to growth stages, focusing on software, cloud, cybersecurity, fintech, consumer and healthcare technologies, and high-growth business models. The firm operates internationally, supporting portfolio companies from early product development through scale, and has backed well-known names such as Pinterest, Shopify, Twilio, Yelp, LinkedIn, Wix and others. BVP emphasizes helping founders establish durable foundations and guides companies through multiple growth phases, leveraging hands-on operational support, strategic networks, and cross-border expertise. With a diversified approach that includes consumer, enterprise and deep-tech investments, the firm seeks to build lasting companies that matter across global markets.

Samsung Electronics is a global technology company based in South Korea that designs, manufactures, and sells a wide range of electronics and device solutions. Its portfolio spans consumer electronics (mobile devices, televisions, home appliances, cameras), information technology products (PCs, peripherals, printers), semiconductors, memory and storage, and display technologies. The company also provides telecommunications infrastructure and related services, and conducts extensive research and development to advance core technologies. With a global footprint across Korea, China, the Americas, Europe, and the Asia Pacific, Samsung Electronics is a leading supplier of smartphones, memory chips, and displays, and it coordinates significant manufacturing and supply chain activities to support its varied product lines.

Amadeus Capital Partners is a London-based global technology investor and venture capital firm founded in 1997. It backs technology companies across stages, from seed to growth, across sectors including software, cybersecurity, healthcare IT, fintech, hardware and semiconductors, communications and networking, and clean energy. The firm also participates in secondary investments to provide founders with additional runway and partners with entrepreneurs to scale. To date it has backed over 130 companies and raised more than a billion dollars for investment, with a focus on Europe and selective opportunities in Israel.

Walden International is a San Francisco–based venture capital firm that concentrates on cross-border investments between the United States and Asia, providing capital, relationships and operating expertise to help portfolio companies scale. The firm supports early and expansion-stage opportunities across sectors including information technology, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, SaaS, software, semiconductors, and related technologies, leveraging a global footprint and deep operating experience to help entrepreneurs compete in international markets.

Ben Franklin Technology Partners of Southeastern Pennsylvania is a non-profit organization founded in 1982 that supports the region's technology ecosystem. Based in Philadelphia, it acts as a capital provider and catalyst for early-stage and growing technology companies across information technology, health, and physical sciences by offering seed-stage funding and related resources to accelerate commercialization. The organization facilitates university–industry partnerships and regional initiatives that connect scientific research with market opportunities, with the aim of creating jobs and strengthening entrepreneurial communities in Southeastern Pennsylvania. Through its programs and partnerships, it supports adoption of new technologies and helps build a robust regional innovation ecosystem.

Telefónica is a global telecommunications group that provides fixed-line and mobile connectivity and a broad range of digital services to residential and business customers. The company operates an extensive international footprint across Europe and Latin America, including Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil and other Latin American markets, serving hundreds of millions of customers. It focuses on delivering innovative information and communications technologies to enhance everyday life and business performance, with activities spanning network operations, consumer and enterprise services and digital offerings. Telefónica is one of the largest telecom operators worldwide and maintains a diversified portfolio to pursue growth through international scale and digital transformation opportunities.

Bossa Invest is a venture capital firm based in Sao Paulo, Brazil, founded in 2011, that manages investment portfolios and provides asset management services to clients across sectors, with a focus on software as a service companies, and analyzes market trends to inform its investment decisions while operating in finance, technology, and real estate.

Seraphim Capital is a London-based venture capital and growth equity firm focused on the space technology sector. It invests globally across multiple stages, from early pre-seed to growth and pre-IPO, and supports portfolio companies with access to a broad network of corporate partners, government agencies, and industry experts. The firm seeks to back space-enabled businesses, including Earth observation and related applications, leveraging its experienced team and worldwide reach to drive growth, partnerships, and value creation through the full company lifecycle.

Venrock is a Palo Alto-based venture capital firm founded in 1969 as the venture capital arm of the Rockefeller family. It concentrates on seed and early-stage technology and healthcare investments and has backed landmark companies such as Apple Computer, Intel, Illumina, Gilead Sciences, Athenahealth, DoubleClick, Nest, SlideShare, and Tudou. The firm manages multiple funds and maintains a US-focused investment approach, supporting entrepreneurs across information technology, life sciences, and related sectors throughout their growth journey.

BDC Venture Capital is a major Canadian venture capital investor that engages across the development cycle from seed to expansion, concentrating on technology-based companies with high growth potential that can become market leaders. It supports the growth of Canadian businesses through financing, consulting services, and securitization, with a focus on small and mid-sized enterprises. Since its inception in 1975, it has invested in more than 400 companies spanning life sciences, telecommunications, information technology, and advanced technologies, aiming to foster innovation and scale across the Canadian economy.

Addor Capital is a growth-capital investment firm headquartered in Nanjing, China. Founded in 2014, it invests in seed-stage through growth-stage companies across sectors including clean technology, health, new materials, advanced manufacturing, consumer services, cultural industries, and TMT in China.

Andreessen Horowitz is a venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California. Founded in 2009 by Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz, it funds software and technology companies across seed to growth stages, with emphasis on web and mobile applications, cloud infrastructure, enterprise software, fintech, consumer Internet, artificial intelligence, and biotech-adjacent ventures. The firm focuses on technology-enabled businesses and provides strategic support and networks to portfolio companies.

WI Harper Group is a San Francisco-based venture capital firm with a China-focused footprint, including offices in Beijing and Taipei. Founded in 1993, it invests in startup companies across the United States, Greater China, and the Asia Pacific in sectors such as healthcare, biotechnology, artificial intelligence, robotics, fintech, sustainability, and new media. The firm targets early and expansion-stage opportunities, supporting companies from seed to later rounds and helping bridge U.S. and Greater China markets through cross-border expertise.

Signal Lake is a private equity and venture capital firm that invests across incubation, seed and later-stage ventures in technology companies. The firm focuses on software, communications and networking, broadband telecom, network infrastructure, information technology, cloud computing, embedded systems, semiconductors and green energy. It pursues global investment opportunities from a Northeast United States base, with offices in Westport, Connecticut and Boston, Massachusetts.

Columbia Capital is a Virginia-based investment firm founded in 1989 and based in Alexandria that targets growth-stage technology companies across North America and Western Europe. The firm focuses on enterprise information technology, digital infrastructure, and mobility, and seeks opportunities in information technology, communications, media, and related sectors. It operates as a venture capital investor managing multiple funds and primarily backs companies in the United States and Europe.

Wayra is a corporate venture arm and innovation hub connected to Telefónica, operating as a global accelerator and open-innovation platform that links startups and scaleups with the Telefónica group. With a presence in ten countries including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Germany, Mexico, Peru, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela, Wayra collaborates with entrepreneurs to identify and develop joint business opportunities. It serves as the interface between Telefónica and entrepreneurial ecosystems worldwide, providing access to networks, capital, mentorship, and potential pilot deployments. Wayra runs accelerator programs and themed calls, such as the Wayra Call and the Health Hub with partners, to support tech startups across sectors like health tech, cybersecurity, smart city, and IT, aiming to scale startups through engagement with Telefónica's global assets and corporate partnerships.

Matrix Partners is a San Francisco-based venture capital firm founded in 1977 that backs technology companies from idea through Series A and beyond. The firm focuses on software, AI, B2B, consumer, fintech, health tech, infrastructure, and related sectors, with a global footprint in the United States, India, and China. Its team comprises former founders and operators who work closely with portfolio companies and often join boards to support growth. Matrix Partners has backed a broad slate of successful companies in its decades-long history, including Apple, FedEx, Oculus, Zendesk, HubSpot, Canva, and Postmates, illustrating a pattern of helping developers and builders scale toward IPO or strategic exits. The firm's China arm extends its early-stage and growth investments in the Chinese market, reinforcing its international reach.

Kleiner Perkins is an American venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California. Founded in 1972, the firm concentrates on early-stage, growth, and incubation investments, partnering with founders from inception through IPO and beyond. It backs ventures across technology-related sectors, including digital and information technology, life sciences, and healthcare, with a global reach that spans North America, Europe, the United Kingdom, the Middle East, and Mainland China.

Singtel Innov8 is the corporate venture capital arm of Singtel Group. Established in 2010 and based in Singapore with offices in San Francisco and Tel Aviv, it invests in early-stage technology startups worldwide and partners with them to apply innovations across Singtel’s business. The focus is on software and technology sectors that can drive quantum changes in network capabilities, next-generation devices, and digital services, ultimately improving customer experience. Beyond funding, Singtel Innov8 serves as a gateway to the Singtel Group’s resources and expertise, helping startups scale internationally while giving the Group access to emerging technologies.

Oak Investment Partners is a venture capital and private equity firm founded in 1978 and based in Connecticut. It operates as a multi-stage investor, focusing on high-growth opportunities in information technology, internet and consumer sectors, financial services technology, healthcare information and services, and clean energy. The firm engages in buyouts, growth equity, mid- to late-stage financings, spinouts and PIPE investments in private and public companies, typically targeting investments from about 10 million to 150 million dollars. Oak supports startups, emerging growth companies and recapitalizations, offering deep domain expertise and steady guidance across its portfolio. While primarily investing in the United States, it pursues selective international opportunities in Europe, Israel, India, South Korea and China, and operates from offices in Connecticut and other major U.S. hubs.

SDIC Innovation Investment Management is the private equity and venture capital arm of State Development & Investment Corp. It makes investments across technology and manufacturing sectors, including mobile internet, internet of things, cloud computing, big data, information technology services, industrial robotics, and intelligent manufacturing. The firm also targets high-end medical equipment, diagnostics, high-value consumables, modern agricultural equipment, ships and marine engineering, new materials, clean energy, energy conservation, and healthcare; for new energy vehicles it focuses on intelligent upstream and downstream supply chains, power batteries and systems, and related technologies. Founded in 2009, the company is based in Beijing with an additional office in Asia. The firm aims to support development and deployment of innovative technologies through private equity and venture capital investments.

Par Equity is a venture capital and private equity firm backed by Scottish Enterprise, based in Edinburgh with an office in San Francisco. It specializes in early‑stage and growth investments in technology companies, including software, deep tech and digital health, targeting opportunities in Scotland, Northern England and Northern Ireland, with cross‑border expansion between the United Kingdom and the United States. The firm funds proprietary technology and proven products poised for international growth, supporting UK companies expanding to the United States and US entrants seeking a UK presence. Typical investments range from £0.25 million to £2.5 million, with enterprise values up to about £10 million. It also provides angel capital to investee companies and focuses on cross‑border deals to accelerate scale.

Orange is a leading digital operator that provides mobile and internet services in Europe and Africa, with a global corporate telecommunications arm that serves large enterprises, local authorities and SMEs worldwide. Through Orange Business Services, the group offers integrated voice and data, IT and cloud solutions, data center and network management, security, and unified communications designed to manage international operations. It supports complex projects across industries with end-to-end services, including IP voice, WAN-LAN design, application management and managed services. The company also maintains an innovation network and startup ecosystem through initiatives like Orange Fabs. Founded in 1991 and headquartered in Paris, France, Orange operates in around 30 countries and serves hundreds of millions of customers globally.

IDG Capital is a global investment firm that backs technology-focused companies across stages, from early to growth. With a blend of international reach and local market insight, the firm mobilizes resources to help portfolio companies scale in China, Asia, and beyond. It partners with private equity and venture capital fund managers and other investment entities, drawing on a broad base of limited partners including sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, institutions, and family offices. The team combines deep local knowledge with global perspectives to identify opportunities and provide strategic support, governance, and access to networks that accelerate growth. IDG Capital targets software, information technology, consumer and healthcare sectors, among others, and pursues a long-term value strategy through active collaboration with management teams and ecosystem players rather than short-term financing alone.

Threshold Ventures is an early-stage venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California. The firm pursues a high-conviction investment strategy and partners with entrepreneurs to build and scale innovative software, consumer, enterprise, and healthcare technology companies, providing capital and strategic support to help startups reach product-market fit and accelerate growth.

Vertex Ventures is a global network of operator-investors and venture capital firms that supports technology and healthcare startups across the United States, China, Israel, India and Southeast Asia. It partners with entrepreneurs by offering hands-on operating experience and broad access to capital, talent, partners and customers to help build global businesses. The firm focuses on early to growth-stage investments in software infrastructure, developer tools, data, security, vertical SaaS, enterprise software and healthcare technologies, drawing on a wide international footprint that includes the US, Israel, Singapore and China. Vertex Ventures emphasizes active portfolio involvement and leverages the broader Vertex network to create value for portfolio companies through strategic guidance and partnerships.

Sunsino Venture Group is a Taipei-based venture capital firm established in the early 1990s that invests in healthcare, technology and software companies. It has backed more than 200 companies in Taiwan and the United States, and reports assets under management of about US$150 million.

General Catalyst is a venture capital firm founded in 2000 that provides early-stage and growth equity investments in technology companies. It supports portfolio companies with momentum and mentorship to accelerate growth toward long-term success and typically engages across seed to growth stages, potentially taking minority or majority stakes. The firm targets a broad range of sectors enabled by software and technology, including consumer, enterprise, fintech, crypto, healthcare IT, and related areas, and maintains a multi-region presence with offices in North America and Europe to back companies as they scale globally.

Redpoint Ventures is an independent venture capital firm founded in 1999 and based in California, with offices in Woodside, San Francisco, and Beijing and Shanghai. It backs startups across seed, early, and growth stages in technology, media, consumer internet, and enterprise software, including energy-related technology. The firm supports founders to create new markets and redefine existing ones and manages $4 billion across multiple funds.

U.S. Venture Partners (USVP) is a venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California, founded in 1981. It specializes in early-stage investments across information technology and healthcare, backing companies that develop enterprise software, IT security, consumer internet, mobile, e-commerce, digital health, and IT-enabled healthcare services. The firm partners with entrepreneurs to turn ideas into growth companies and emphasizes sectors such as software, cybersecurity, healthcare tech, and cloud-enabled platforms. Its team comprises former entrepreneurs, technologists, executives, and financial professionals who bring hands-on operational and industry expertise. Over its decades of activity, USVP has supported a broad portfolio across the West Coast and beyond, seeking to build durable businesses with scalable technology and strong markets.

YFM Equity Partners is an independent private equity firm based in Leeds, United Kingdom, with offices in London, Manchester, Birmingham and Sheffield. Founded in 1982, it is owned by its senior management and investment team. The firm invests in growth and buyout opportunities across the United Kingdom, primarily targeting small and mid-sized companies in sectors including business services, software, manufacturing, technology-enabled services, and consumer brands. It typically makes equity investments in the range of a few million pounds per company (for example up to £10 million per company) and seeks to take board seats to support growth. Investments aim to exit within approximately five years through sale or listing. YFM focuses on SMEs and collaborates with management teams to drive expansion and value creation.

Norwest Venture Partners is a global technology venture capital and growth equity firm founded in 1961 and based in California. The firm backs seed through growth-stage companies across the United States, India and Israel, with investments spanning technology, cloud and IT infrastructure, Internet and consumer products, SaaS, business services, financial services, healthcare, and other sectors. It has funded hundreds of companies and leverages a broad network and operating experience to help founders scale their businesses. Norwest pursues a flexible, long-term approach, tailoring its capital and support to each stage and company, and it deploys capital across multiple rounds from early checks to growth investments. The firm is known for partnering with CEOs and management teams to accelerate growth through strategic guidance, operational resources, and access to its portfolio network.

Innovacom is a Paris-based venture capital firm founded in 1988 that concentrates on early-stage technology and digital sector investments. It backs startups across Europe, with some funds extending into North America, targeting software, hardware, telecom, networking, components, and related services and content. Beyond funding, Innovacom provides support and networking to help portfolio companies access strategic industrial partnerships and open-innovation opportunities, aiming to create financial and strategic value for its investments.

Alumni Ventures Group is a venture capital firm based in Manchester, New Hampshire, established in 2013. It targets individual accredited investors who previously had limited access to venture capital by enabling alumni from top entrepreneurial schools to invest together in ventures led by fellow alumni. The firm backs companies with an alumni connection and an institutional lead investor with sector expertise. It offers focused funds that provide accredited investors access to a diversified venture portfolio by type, sector, stage, and geography. The organization engages in seed, early-stage, and late-stage pre-IPO investments across technology, consumer, financial services, health care, life sciences, and other sectors.

Partech is a global tech investment firm headquartered in Paris, with offices in Berlin, Dakar, Dubai, Nairobi and San Francisco. It provides capital, operational experience and strategic support to entrepreneurs from seed through growth, helping them scale through multiple stages. Founded in San Francisco about 40 years ago, Partech currently manages €2.5 billion in assets and backs a portfolio of roughly 220 companies across 40 countries and four continents.

Sevin Rosen Funds is a venture capital investment firm headquartered in Dallas, Texas, founded in 1981. It focuses on identifying and supporting early-stage technology startups by leveraging experienced technology executives on its team. The firm prioritizes active, team-oriented involvement in the company-building process through stages of development, and emphasizes evaluating technology trends to back what will transform industries, with a reputation for honesty and fairness in relationships.

Founded in 1962 and based in Palo Alto, California, Sutter Hill Ventures is a venture capital firm that concentrates on early stage technology and life sciences companies across the United States. It seeks investments in computer technology, software, internet services, telecommunications, healthcare, consumer sectors, and related fields, and provides hands on support through experienced operating executives, a broad industry network, and strategic guidance on business planning, partnerships, and building management teams. The firm pursues a long term, value driven approach, often investing its own capital alongside limited partners in an evergreen structure to support portfolio companies over time. It emphasizes direct involvement with portfolio companies, serving as advisors and mentors to help teams execute and scale, leveraging a network of executives and resources to accelerate growth.