Fil Rouge Capital is a Europe-focused venture capital firm that backs early-stage technology and tech-enabled companies. It pursues investments across sectors such as IT, software as a service, e-commerce, consumer and business products and services, IoT, artificial intelligence and machine learning, advanced manufacturing, and infrastructure, typically deploying equity or debt and aiming to complement founders' technical and entrepreneurial backgrounds. The firm operates across Europe, with activity reported in Luxembourg, Croatia and Central and Eastern Europe, including Slovenia, Austria and Southern Germany, and has shown willingness to invest opportunistically in other European markets. Typical investment sizes range from 0.5 to 5 million euros.

South Central Ventures is a venture capital firm founded in 2015 with a focus on the Balkans and Adriatic region. It conducts direct startup and growth investments and collaborates with other investment vehicles to back technology companies across sectors such as ICT, software-as-a-service, mobile, IoT, HealthTech, FinTech, and digital media, with regional emphasis on Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, and North Macedonia. The firm operates from offices in Ljubljana, Zagreb, Belgrade, and Skopje to support local founders and accelerate regional growth. It targets early- to growth-stage opportunities and typically takes minority stakes to help companies scale internationally, often backing ventures capable of competing in global markets. By combining regional network strength with selective capital, South Central Ventures aims to connect Balkan tech firms with international investors and customers while building a sustainable local start-up ecosystem.

AlpVent is a Swiss investment company based in Zug that specializes in supporting promising start-ups. Founded in 2016, the firm leverages 25 years of entrepreneurial experience to understand and address the needs of entrepreneurs. AlpVent provides not only investment capital but also management consulting services, offering what is often referred to as "smart money" support. Recognizing that many founders excel in product development but struggle with promotion, AlpVent has created a dedicated sales department. This team offers sales analyses and consulting services, and can even act as an agent or distributor for start-ups. Their services are tailored for the competitive German-speaking markets and South-Eastern Europe, including Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, and Croatia. The firm focuses on investments in sectors such as transportation, commercial products, software, and manufacturing.

BlackPeak Capital is a growth equity and private equity firm based in Sofia, Bulgaria, with offices in Bucharest, Ljubljana and Vienna. It targets high-growth SMEs in Southeast Europe and parts of the EU, investing equity, mezzanine and other hybrid forms of capital, as well as follow-on rounds. The firm operates as a generalist investor across niche manufacturing, FMCG, information technology, industrials and healthcare, favouring export-oriented companies or those with unique technology or strong local market positions. Typical ticket sizes are in the low to mid single-digit millions of euros per transaction, with the potential for significant minority or majority stakes and co-investments. Investments can involve early and mid-venture, small buyouts and inorganic growth through acquisitions, and exits are pursued via trade sales or IPOs. The firm was founded in 2014 and focuses on Southeast Europe, including Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia.

Oktogon Ventures is a Budapest-based venture capital firm that backs early-stage technology-driven startups in Central and Eastern Europe. It leverages local knowledge, operational experience, and a broad network to help portfolio companies achieve rapid growth, with a focus on technology-heavy businesses that can scale globally from early stages. The firm emphasizes regional reach across Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland, Croatia, Romania, Slovenia, and Bulgaria, and maintains strong connections to US and Western European co-investors, mentors, and talent pools. Its portfolio includes Bitrise, Recart, and Enduraid, illustrating emphasis on software and technology-enabled solutions. Oktogon engages with founders through a hands-on approach and aims to support companies with global appeal from day one, enabling scalable, extraordinary growth.

The EBRD is an international financial institution founded in 1990 and headquartered in London that provides project financing and advisory services to support private sector development and transformation in emerging markets. It finances banks, industries, and businesses, supports new ventures and investments in existing companies, and helps privatize and restructure municipal services in publicly owned entities. Through its banking and treasury activities, it offers loans, equity and quasi-equity investments, guarantees, and equity funds for smaller enterprises, along with trade finance and loan syndication. It works with commercial partners to invest in private enterprises across sectors including energy, manufacturing, ICT, infrastructure, agribusiness, and real estate, across Europe, the Middle East and beyond, including a significant footprint in Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltics, and the Caucasus. It provides policy reform dialogue and advisory services to support market modernization, governance, and reform. It has invested over €130 billion in more than 5,000 projects.

HBM Healthcare Investments is a Switzerland-based investment firm founded in 2001 and based in Zug. It concentrates on the healthcare sector, spanning human medicine, biotechnology, medical technology and diagnostics. The firm maintains a diversified portfolio that includes private companies, public companies, funds, cash and other assets, reflecting exposure across different stages and sectors within healthcare.

3TS Capital Partners is a Helsinki-based European technology-focused private equity and venture capital firm that provides expansion capital and buyout funding to small and mid-sized technology-enabled businesses across Europe. It targets growth sectors such as technology and internet, media and communications, and technology-enabled services, and augments its investments with sector partners and co-investors to deliver value beyond financing. The firm typically seeks minority or majority stakes and often takes seats on the board; it pursues exits within three to five years through trade sales or IPOs. It maintains active industry involvement through international associations and networks and operates with offices in the United States and across Europe.

LAUNCHub Ventures is a Bulgaria-based venture capital firm founded in 2012 and based in Sofia that invests in seed- and early-stage technology startups in Southeastern and Central Europe. The firm typically makes initial investments from €300,000 to €2 million and can provide follow-on support up to around €4 million across portfolio rounds. It backs startups across AI/ML, SaaS, future of work, proptech, crypto and blockchain, devtools, marketplaces, health tech, fintech, hardware, robotics, and related enterprise and consumer sectors, prioritizing scalable businesses with initial traction. LAUNCHub Ventures focuses on founders from SEE and CEE regions, partnering with them beyond capital and offering programs such as a Series A academy to help achieve milestones and raise subsequent rounds. The approach aims to strengthen the regional startup ecosystem and attract attention from global investors.

Established in 2021 under Greek law, 5G Ventures focuses on managing investments in businesses actively involved in 5G-related research and development in Greece. Its primary sectors of interest include transport, manufacturing, public utilities, health, tourism, and information services.

Pymwymic is a co-owned community of European wealth holders focused on impact investing that prioritizes people and the planet. Founded in 1994, it comprises more than 150 individuals, including families, entrepreneurs and angel investors from diverse backgrounds. The organization directs capital toward ventures that conserve and restore ecosystems, with an emphasis on sustainable food systems, and operates through the Pymwymic Healthy Ecosystems Impact Fund. The community combines knowledge, passion and resources to advance higher standards in impact investing and to promote investing with care for people and the planet as a norm.

European Investment Fund (EIF) is a public institution established in 1994 to improve access to finance for Europe's small and medium-sized businesses. It designs and develops venture capital and guarantee instruments to support SMEs and to catalyse private investment, aiming to build a robust European equity ecosystem. EIF engages in venture capital, growth capital, and guarantee operations, backing innovative entrepreneurs primarily in technology and life sciences, as well as across other sectors. Through cornerstone investments and fund participation, EIF seeks to crowd in private investors and stimulate venture activity across Europe. Its equity portfolio has grown substantially, with assets under management exceeding EUR 14 billion, reflecting its broad role in strengthening SME finance and supporting entrepreneurship and growth.

Piton Capital is a London-based venture capital and growth equity firm that focuses exclusively on network effects businesses, including marketplaces, exchanges and platforms, as well as data network effects, user-generated content, and SaaS models with potential network effects. The firm is stage- and style-agnostic and invests from seed to late stage, with typical investments ranging from €200,000 to €15 million.

VentureFriends is a venture capital firm based in Athens, Greece, specializing in seed and pre-seed investments in tech-enabled startups across Europe. It backs early-stage companies in fintech, proptech, marketplaces, B2B software as a service, e-commerce, IT, and related sectors, with typical checks ranging from a few hundred thousand to a couple of million euros and potential follow-ons. The firm emphasizes a founder-friendly approach, drawing on the experience of ex-entrepreneurs and angel investors to support growth and go-to-market efforts. Investments target companies capable of building durable moats and scalable businesses, primarily in Europe, with activity across the broader EMENA region. The firm is credited with establishing a presence in Athens and focusing on a broad tech-enabled toolkit for portfolio development, networks, and strategic guidance.

HPS Investment Partners is a global investment firm focused on non-investment grade credit across the capital structure. Founded in 2007 and headquartered in New York, it operates a worldwide network of offices. The firm originated as a unit of Highbridge Capital Management, a subsidiary of J.P. Morgan Asset Management, and was acquired by its principals in 2016 after Highbridge’s hedge fund strategies remained with J.P. Morgan. HPS manages a variety of strategies, including syndicated leveraged loans, high-yield bonds, privately negotiated senior secured debt, mezzanine, asset-based lending, and private equity, and serves clients across industries such as insurance, healthcare, media, retail, logistics, and marine.

GSR United Capital is a Beijing-based private equity and venture capital firm with offices in Hangzhou and Shenzhen. It allocates equity capital to high-tech companies across sectors such as artificial intelligence, robotics, advanced manufacturing, industrial internet and digital services, aiming to back early and growth-stage opportunities and support portfolio companies through commercialization and scale. The firm has drawn support from government-backed funds and other state-capital investors and has built a portfolio of more than 100 high-tech startups, generating notable exits and returns.

Citigroup is a diversified financial services company providing a broad range of financial products and services to consumers, corporations, governments, and institutions worldwide. It operates through two main segments: Global Consumer Banking, which includes retail banking, Citi-branded cards, and consumer finance, and Institutional Clients Group, which covers wholesale banking, investment banking, fixed income and equity sales and trading, foreign exchange, prime brokerage, research, corporate lending, cash management, trade finance, and securities services. The company maintains a global footprint across regions including Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, North and Latin America, and emphasizes sustainability and social responsibility initiatives.

New Enterprise Associates is a U.S.-based venture capital firm founded in 1977 and headquartered in Menlo Park, California. It invests in technology and healthcare companies across stages and geographies, supporting startups from seed to growth. The firm operates globally with investments in the United States, Asia, and Brazil among others, and has a long track record of portfolio IPOs and acquisitions. It has over $19 billion in cumulative committed capital.

CMEA Capital is a San Francisco-based venture capital firm focused on life sciences, high technology, and energy and materials investments. It backs science-driven companies with differentiated technology and strong founding teams, supporting both early- and late-stage ventures. The firm leverages a broad network of corporate, investment, and entrepreneurial relationships to help portfolio companies scale, drawing on partners with extensive science, engineering, and operational backgrounds. Founded in 1989 as an affiliate of New Enterprise Associates and becoming independent in 1997, the firm has historically operated with offices in San Francisco and Menlo Park. In 2015, CMEA closed and adopted a new corporate identity as Presidio Partners.

3VC is a European venture capital group based in Vienna, Austria, investing in early-stage technology startups across Europe with global ambition, focusing on seed and Series A rounds in software, artificial intelligence, developer tools, deep tech, security, augmented and virtual reality, data and analytics, digital health, apps and mobile, and other frontier sectors. The firm provides ongoing support and access to an international co-investment network, backing category-defining companies such as Assaia, Kaia Health, Lokalise, Picsart, Storyblok, and Tatum.

Frontier Ventures is a Cupertino, California-based venture capital firm founded in 2011 that funds early-stage through growth-stage technology companies. It focuses on network-effect businesses and seeks to help portfolio companies reach global markets. The firm primarily targets North America, especially the United States, and typically invests in seed to Series B rounds, often taking minority positions and co-investing for larger amounts, with typical investments up to about $10 million. Its sectors include Internet and mobile services, software, blockchain and distributed ledger technology, online travel, e-commerce and marketplaces, online media and entertainment, online education, online financial services, and other online services. The firm emphasizes marketplaces, software as a service, platforms, and other network-effect models.

ING Corporate Investments is the private equity arm of ING Group, based in Brussels, Belgium. It provides capital to small and medium-sized enterprises in Belgium, Luxembourg and France, offering buy-out, development and venture capital. The firm targets companies across information technology, software, biotechnology, manufacturing, engineering, logistics, distribution and telecommunications sectors, with the aim of supporting growth through strategic and financial partnerships. It has been active in private equity since 1997 and has invested over €100 million.

GrandBanks Capital is a Massachusetts-based venture capital firm founded in 2000 that concentrates on early-stage investments in internet infrastructure, software and software services, security and storage applications, wireless and mobile technologies, media technologies, and financial technologies and services. Based in Needham, the firm targets opportunities in the United States and Canada, with a focus on the eastern United States. It operates as a registered investment adviser and leverages experienced partners to guide portfolio companies through growth and scale.

Fairhaven Capital Partners is a venture capital firm based in the Boston area that concentrates on early‑stage technology investments across the United States. The firm pursues high‑potential, fast‑growth companies and offers co‑investment opportunities in the technology sector, including consumer, information technology, manufacturing, and mobile companies.

Vito One is a venture capital firm founded in 2015 and based in Allendorf, Germany. It provides seed funding to technology startups, supporting early-stage companies across prop-tech, construction-tech, and energy-tech sectors.

Seedcamp is a European seed-stage venture capital firm based in London that identifies and invests early in founders tackling large global markets with technology. It supports a community of more than 400 startups, including publicly listed UiPath and Wise and unicorns such as Revolut, Hopin, Sorare, Pleo and wefox, as well as fast-growing companies like Grover, viz.ai and Ezra. The firm accelerates founders by providing smart capital, a lifelong community, and a global network built on more than a decade of backing exceptional talent.

Point Nine Capital is a Berlin-based venture capital firm that concentrates on early-stage Internet investments, with a focus on software-as-a-service (SaaS), online marketplaces, and mobile. It backs startups from their earliest stages and has supported notable companies such as Delivery Hero, Clio, Shiftplanning, Vend, Typeform, and Zendesk. The firm operates across Europe and North America, targeting SaaS, software, and related digital businesses, and seeks to help portfolio companies scale through critical growth phases.

RTA Ventures, founded in 2011, is a venture capital firm with a focus on early-stage investments in online businesses, particularly in the healthcare sector. The firm is headquartered in New Hudson, Michigan, and has additional presence in Berlin, Germany, and Warsaw, Poland. RTA Ventures specializes in a range of sectors including healthcare, information technology, software as a service (SaaS), and mobile technologies. The firm aims to identify and support innovative companies that demonstrate potential for growth, particularly those with business models centered around digital solutions and marketplaces.

Speedinvest is a European venture capital firm founded in 2011 and headquartered in Vienna, with offices across Europe and in San Francisco. It specializes in early-stage investments in technology sectors including deep tech, fintech, health, industrial tech, marketplaces, software as a service and infrastructure, climate tech, crypto, and emerging markets. The firm runs specialized investment teams aligned to these industries and offers an in-house Platform+ team providing tailored operational support, such as growth marketing, human resources, US business development and networking assistance throughout the portfolio journey. Speedinvest seeks to be a hands-on partner, sometimes taking operational roles for a period to help portfolio companies scale, and emphasizes hands-on collaboration with founders to accelerate growth.

JAFCO is a Tokyo-based investment management firm established in 1973 that invests in private equity across Japan, Asia and the United States, with a focus on venture and buyout opportunities in technology-related sectors. It supports portfolio companies with financing and hands-on resources, including human resources, marketing and back-office operations. The firm maintains a broad Asia-Pacific footprint with offices in Singapore, Hong Kong, Taipei, Seoul and Beijing, and has a long track record of exits in its technology portfolio. It has mobilized substantial capital commitments across its funds and backs entrepreneurs to translate ideas into scalable businesses.

Munich Re is a global reinsurance company that offers reinsurance and related risk solutions, including agricultural reinsurance, life and health reinsurance, corporate risk solutions, and cyber risk coverage, as well as consulting services. It underwrites reinsurance for property, casualty, life, health, and cyber risks and supports primary insurers and other clients through risk transfer, risk assessment, and analytics to help manage exposure and capital.

Innova Memphis is a Tennessee-based venture capital firm founded in 2007 with roots in the Memphis Bioworks Foundation. It focuses on pre-seed, seed, and early-stage investments in high-growth biosciences, technology, and agri-tech companies in Tennessee. The firm supports startups from concept to market by providing capital, strategic guidance, and access to industry networks, including connections with established corporations for licensing, buy-outs, or further investments. By combining experienced management, market expertise, and venture capital, Innova Memphis aims to accelerate product development and create viable business units capable of standing independently and collaborating with mature market leaders when appropriate.

Rockaway Capital is a Prague-based venture capital firm and sector-focused holding founded in 2013 by Jakub Havrlant. It concentrates on digitally enabled businesses across e-commerce, online grocery, last-mile logistics, e-travel, fintech, media and blockchain, with portfolio activity across the DACH region, Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkans. The firm takes an active role in its portfolio, supporting management and operations where needed to accelerate growth. Portfolio companies have achieved substantial scale, with aggregated sales of over 2.5 billion euros and more than 5,000 employees across 17 European countries. The group emphasizes leveraging the digital economy to disrupt traditional business models and seeks opportunities across digitally enabled sectors throughout Europe.

BOM is an investment organization that backs innovative start-ups and growth companies, aiming to drive economic growth, create jobs, and address social challenges; it leverages its expertise, resources, and network to develop and finance renewable energy projects.

Day One Capital is an early-stage venture capital firm based in Budapest, Hungary, investing in technology startups across Central and Eastern Europe. It works with entrepreneurs to support business-to-business software and other technology ventures at the early stage and manages privately financed funds to help European teams pursue a global mission.

PostScriptum Ventures is a Luxembourg-based private equity and venture capital firm that makes direct investments across seed to growth stages, including early and middle-market opportunities. The firm focuses on renewable energy and related technology sectors, while also engaging in business products, business services, information technology, and other technology-driven opportunities. It seeks to invest outside Western Europe and the United States, targeting international markets and development of new businesses. By combining capital with sector expertise, PostScriptum Ventures aims to support startups and growth companies in realizing scalable, long-term value in the energy and technology landscape.

Practica Capital is a Vilnius, Lithuania-based venture capital firm that funds Baltic technology founders from seed to growth stages. Established in 2011, it concentrates on tech-enabled companies in the Baltic States and the Nordic region, and supports founders as company builders through early-stage investments and selective growth rounds. The firm is described as an active Baltic syndicate partner, co-investing with local, regional and international venture capital firms, accelerators, incubators, angels, corporates and public institutions. Practica Capital focuses on software and information technology sectors and aims to take minority stakes while providing strategic guidance and governance support to portfolio companies.

ProSiebenSat.1 Accelerator is an accelerator program linked to ProSiebenSat.1 Group that supports early-stage, consumer-focused startups with proven business models and early traction. The program combines investment with a guaranteed media spend to scale products, providing a minimum advertising volume of 1.5 million euros across television, online video, addressable TV, and influencer campaigns to help reach mass-market audiences. It complements this with growth mentoring, office space in Berlin, and access to the extensive ProSiebenSat.1 network, enabling portfolio companies to leverage the group’s media reach and industry connections.

SBI Ven Capital is the venture capital arm of SBI Holdings, based in Singapore. Founded in 2007, it targets investments in financial services and technology sectors across Asia.

Western Technology Investment is a venture debt firm founded in 1980 and based in Portola Valley, California. It specializes in providing debt and lease financing to revenue-generating, VC-backed technology and life sciences companies, including acquisition financing and fully usable growth capital. Typical financings range from $250,000 to $30 million, and in selected cases may include equity through warrants or a combined debt-and-equity structure. The firm targets companies with substantial scale, aiming for at least $25 million in annual sales within five years. As a registered investment adviser, Western Technology Investment structures its financing to support early through mid-stage growth, across North America. The firm emphasizes venture lending and has historically supported a broad range of technology and life sciences ventures.

Compass Technology Partners is a California-based venture capital firm founded in 1988 that invests in emerging technology companies across various stages, with a preference for startups and early-stage ventures. It focuses on developers of new technologies and innovative applications in silicon-related technologies, life sciences, communications and information technologies, software, optoelectronics, and other enabling technologies. The firm also explores opportunities in biotechnology that leverage mature semiconductor manufacturing, including lab-on-a-chip devices, sensors, medical devices, and related laboratory instruments.